Part 1 – Hyperoliidae, Mantellidae
Part 2 – Microhylidae and Ranidae.
The uniqueness of amphibians in Madagascar lies in the fact that almost all of the approximately 200 species of frogs there are endemic.
According to estimates by two specialists in the amphibian world of Madagascar, Frank Glaw and Miguel Vences, the classification of more than 150 of the frogs is still unclear.
The herpetofauna of Madagascar includes the Boophis frogs, the Heterixalus and Megalixalus frogs, the true frogs of the genus Nesomantis, the Mantella, the Microhylidae of the Genus Scaphiophryne and Toads.
The Mantella group is the most endangered group of amphibians in Madagascar.
The Mantella crocea is now represented by a small group of only 500 individuals. Other species in this group are more common.
Mantella laevigata is commonly found in the Marojejy National Park and on Nosy Mangabe.
Mantella betsileo come from the Lokobe Nature Reserve and Mantella madagascariensis can be found among the leaves of Eucalyptus trees near Vohiparara Ranomafana.
With a total length of 10 to 12 mm and a weight of only 0.2 mg, the species Sumpffia pygmaea is the smallest frog. This species lives in the Ylang-Ylang plantation in Nosy Be, but can also be found along roadsides or on wet forest floors, hidden among the leaves.
Among the Tomato Frogs, there are two species: Dyscophus antongilii and Dyscophus guineti. While the Dyscophus antongilii species lives in limited numbers in humid forests, the Dyscophus guineti species is found in the depths of the jungle. These two species are among the largest frogs in Madagascar.
In addition to the two already mentioned species of golden Mantellas, Madagascar is also home to the Microhylidae genus Scaphiophryne.
One particularly attractive species is Scaphiophryne gottlebei, which inhabits the region of the Isalo National Park.
Unfortunately, its colorful appearance makes it a target for the amphibian trade, putting it at risk.
The beauty of this frog species is therefore deadly for them. L’organizzazione ambientalista Pro Wildlife sensibilizza sul rischio di estinzione della biodiversità del Madagascar.
Il divieto legale di commerciare specie di anfibi e rettili in pericolo d’estinzione è stato già discusso nella Commissione per la protezione delle specie della Convenzione di Washington sul commercio internazionale delle specie minacciate nel 2009.
La popolazione di anfibi del Madagascar è composta esclusivamente da rane. There are a total of 311 species. Named frog species in Madagascar, but several hundred have been identified using DNA barcoding and still need to be formally described. Indigenous described species belong to four different families: Hyperoliidae (11 species), Mantellidae (212 species), Microhylidae (86 species), and Ranidae (1 species).
Two additional species are introduced: the ranid frog Hoplobatrachus tigrinus and the toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus.
Almost all indigenous species are endemic, except for Ptychadena mascareniensis. 85 species are threatened with extinction, nine of which are classified by the IUCN.
Considered critically endangered, their numbers are largely affected by habitat loss due to deforestation, expansion of rice fields and villages, and to a lesser extent, illegal international trade.
Hyperoliidae
The Hyperoliidae, or reed frogs and bush frogs, are a large family of small to medium-sized, colorful frogs, comprising more than 250 species in 19 genera.
Additionally, the genus Heterixalus (currently 10 species) is endemic to Madagascar.
Image: [Link to an image of the Madagascan Reed Frog (Heterixalus madagascariensis)]
The body length of Hyperoliidae ranges from 1.5 to 8 cm. Many species have smooth, brightly patterned skin that looks almost like enamel. Most Hyperoliidae are arboreal, but some are terrestrial. Their feeding habits vary greatly. Reproduction in this family begins at the start of the rainy season, when Hyperoliidae gather at breeding sites. Most Hyperoliidae lay their eggs in water, although foam nests, tree hole breeding, and egg laying in vegetation above water are known. Afrixalus builds leaf nests for its eggs by folding and gluing leaf edges. Tadpoles are pond-like larvae with large dorsal fins on the tail.
Heterixalus alboguttatus is a species found in Madagascar. It is an endemic frog species from the Hyperoliidae family in Madagascar. Its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, swamps, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, urban areas, heavily degraded former forests, ponds, irrigated land, and seasonally flooded agricultural land.
Heterixalus andrakata is another endemic frog species from the Hyperoliidae family in Madagascar. Its natural habitats are similar to those of Heterixalus betsileo.
Heterixalus betsileo is an endemic frog species from the Hyperoliidae family in Madagascar. Its natural habitats are similar to those of Heterixalus andrakata. Heterixalus betsileo is a frog species endemic to Madagascar from the Hyperoliidae family. Its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, moist savannas, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grasslands, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grasslands, swamps, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, farmland, rural gardens, urban areas, heavily degraded former forests, ponds, irrigated land, seasonally flooded agricultural land, as well as canals and ditches.
Heterixalus boettgeri
Heterixalus boettgeri is a frog species from the Hyperoliidae family found in Madagascar. Heterixalus boettgeri is an endemic species found in the extreme southeast and south of the island. The specific name Boettgeri honors the German zoologist Oskar Boettger. The common name is Boettger’s Reed Frog. Habitat and Conservation
This species is found in a variety of habitats at elevations below 300 m above sea level: dry forests, rainforest edges, coastal forests behind sand dunes, deforested areas, farmland, as well as villages and urban areas. Males call after night-time rains in sun-exposed swamps and rice fields. It is a locally distributed and adaptable species that likely does not require major conservation efforts.
Exposed to threat.
It is found in small numbers in the international pet trade.
It is found in some protected areas (Cape Sainte Marie Special Reserve, Mandena Classified Forest), possibly also in the Andohahela National Park.
Heterixalus carbonei
Heterixalus carbonei is a frog species endemic to Madagascar from the Hyperoliidae family. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, freshwater marshes, and intermittent freshwater marshes. This species of frog is threatened by habitat loss.
Heterixalus luteostriatus is a frog species native to Madagascar and belongs to the Hyperoliidae family. It can be found in subtropical or tropical dry forests, swamps, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, farmland, urban areas, heavily degraded former forests, ponds, irrigated areas, and seasonally flooded agricultural lands.
Heterixalus madagascariensis, also known as the sky blue reed frog or powder sky blue reed frog, is another frog species endemic to Madagascar from the Hyperoliidae family. Its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, moist savanna, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, swamps, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, sandy shores, farmland, urban areas, heavily degraded former forests, ponds, irrigated land, and seasonally flooded agricultural land.
Heterixalus punctatus is another frog species endemic to Madagascar from the Hyperoliidae family. Its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical dry forests, moist savannas, subtropical or tropical seasonal wetlands, swamps, floodplains, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, farmland, heavily degraded former forests, ponds, irrigated areas, seasonally flooded agricultural land, as well as canals and ditches. Its natural habitats include moist savannas, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grasslands, marshes, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, farmland, urban areas, heavily degraded former forests, ponds, irrigated land, seasonally flooded agricultural land, as well as canals and ditches.
Mantellidae
Classification
The Mantellidae family consists of three ecologically diverse groups of frogs, divided into three subfamilies:
Mantellinae, typically terrestrial or semi-aquatic frogs;
Laliostominae are terrestrial, Typically, quite large frogs;
Boophinae are tree frogs.
As of May 3, 2016, 212 species are recognized in this family.
However, DNA barcode research has shown that more than 100 different genetic lineages remain taxonomically undescribed.
Figure 1: Mantella frog (Mantella madagascariensis) Ranomafana National Park, East of Madagascar.
Evolution and Island Biogeography
The Mantellidae are the most species-rich frog family in Madagascar.
It has been shown that there is a negative correlation between body size and species diversity in this family. The likely lower dispersal potential of smaller animals may be related to this.
This family is estimated to have colonized the island of Madagascar about 76-87 million years ago.
They are phylogenetically embedded in Asian frogs and therefore likely represent a dispersal event from Asia.
Two undescribed species of mantellid frogs are currently native to the island of Mayotte off the west coast of Madagascar.
These species belong to two genera that are otherwise endemic to Madagascar: they are genetically distinct from all mainland species and await formal description.
Reproduction
Reproductive modes in Mantellidae are highly diverse.
Depending on the genus and species, eggs can be laid in or around. Guibemantis frogs of the subgenus Pandanusicola lay their eggs either in phytotelmata or over slow-flowing water.
Some species of Gephyromantis have a direct development or nidicolous tadpoles. Members of the Boophinae and Laliostominae subfamilies engage in amplexus, but Mantellidae frogs do not. Some species within the Mantellidae family, such as Mantidactylus argenteus, demonstrate parental care. Sexual size dimorphism is common in most species, with females typically being larger than males, although this can vary depending on the species. However, there are exceptions like Boophis albilabris, where males are larger than females possibly due to competition for access to females.
Aglyptodactylus australis is a rare frog species belonging to the Mantellidae family. It is endemic to Madagascar and inhabits subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grasslands, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests. This species is threatened by habitat loss.
Aglyptodactylus chorus is another rare frog species from the Mantellidae family. Endemic to Madagascar, it also occupies subtropical habitats.
Aglyptodactylus laticeps is a frog species native to Madagascar and also belonging to the Mantellidae family. It can be found in subtropical or tropical dry forests and intermittent freshwater marshes. Its survival is threatened by habitat loss.
Aglyptodactylus madagascariensis, also known as the Madagascar jumping frog, is yet another frog species from the Mantellidae family. It can primarily be found in Madagascar and its natural habitats include tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grasslands, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests. It is also threatened by habitat loss.
Madagascar is home to a variety of endemic frog species, including those found on the eastern side of the island. One such frog is known for its widespread distribution and the large groups it forms during its breeding season, where it breeds explosively. It typically inhabits fallen leaves on the forest floor.
Aglyptodactylus securifer is a frog species belonging to the Mantellidae family. Endemic to Madagascar, it is found in forested areas. This species was described in 1998 and has a silver-grey to beige upper body with grey bands on its legs. angolafa are more pointed.
Furthermore, the coloration of Blommersia angolafa is generally darker compared to Blommersia grandisonae, and it lacks the dark spots in the tympanum and Zehengegend.
Habitat and Conservation
Blommersia angolafa is known to inhabit lowland rainforests in eastern Madagascar.
It is primarily found in leaf axils and prophylls of the palm species Dypsis lastelliana, which provides both shelter and breeding sites for the species.
Due to its restricted range and specific habitat requirements, Blommersia angolafa is considered vulnerable to habitat loss and degradation.
References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blommersia_angolafa
Angolafa trees are much more developed. Eggs and tadpoles. Egg clutches are only found from December onwards; they are located on. Glued to the inner walls of fallen dead palm prophylls filled with water. There are several different stages of tadpoles sharing the water accumulated in the same fallen prophyll. Distribution and Habitat. Blommersia angolafa is found in four forest blocks in eastern Madagascar: Masoala, Ambatovaky, Zahamena, and Betampona, covering rainforest with an elevation range from 90 m (Ankavanana River, Masoala Peninsula) to 508 m (Vohitsivalana, RNI de Betampona). It is found in both primary and. Also found in the secondary forest, as some Dypsis palms are tolerated in the secondary rainforest of Betampona. The observed altitude distribution at Betampona ranged from 332-548 m above sea level. Andreone et al. I suspect that this species could also occur in other rainforest locations located at these altitudes and latitudes in eastern Madagascar, such as Makira and Mananara Nord.
Life history, activity, and special behaviors:
A particular aspect that characterizes this species is its novel life history and reproductive mode.
Both genders live and breed in a phytotelmic habitat of water accumulated in the fallen prophylls and leaf sheaths of at least three species of Dypsis palms.
Within these phytotelmata, egg laying and complete larval development take place. Andreone et al. never observed individuals outside dead fallen Dypsis phytotelmata, which were on the forest floor or contained rainwater.
Blommersia dejongi:
Is a rare frog species from the Mantellidae family.
Endemic to Madagascar, its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests.
It is threatened by habitat loss.
Blommersia galani:
Is a rare frog species from the Mantellidae family.
Endemic to Madagascar, its natural habitats are… The natural habitats of Blommersia variabilis, a rare frog species from the Mantellidae family, include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grasslands, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests. This species is threatened by habitat loss. Blommersia domerguei, another frog species from the Mantellidae family, is also endemic to Madagascar. Blommersia domerguei, Blommersia grandisonae, and Blommersia kely are species of frog from the Mantellidae family. They are endemic to Madagascar.
Blommersia domerguei and Blommersia variabilis have similar natural habitats, which include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grasslands, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests. Both species are threatened by habitat loss.
Blommersia grandisonae’s natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, temporary freshwater swamps, and plantations. This species is also threatened by habitat loss.
Blommersia kely’s natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, wet savannas, and subtropical grasslands.
Blommersia sarotra is a frog species endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical swamps, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests. This species is threatened by habitat loss.
These frogs have certain characteristics such as a single subgular vocal sac, short hands, and a long head, which is common among species of the genus Blommersia. However, distinguishing features of the species include a white spot on the neck, the absence of vomerine teeth, and a unique mating call consisting of a long pulsed tone followed by a click.
Blommersia wittei is a frog species from the Mantellidae family. These frogs from Madagascar are endemic to the region. Their natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, dry savannas, wetlands, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, plantations, rural gardens, heavily degraded former forests, and ponds.
Boehmantis is a genus of frogs from the Mantellinae subfamily, represented by a single species, Boehmantis microtympanum. Taxonomy-wise, Boehmantis microtympanum was originally described by Fernand Angel in the genus Mantidactylus. The species was transferred to its own genus, Boehmantis, by Frank Glaw and Miguel Vences. This species is endemic to the National Park Midongy du sud and the National Park Andohahela in southeastern Madagascar. Its natural habitats are rivers and streams within subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and degraded forests. Boehmantis Microtympanum is currently considered vulnerable by the IUCN due to its limited distribution and the ongoing destruction of its habitat.
The White-lipped Bright-eyed Frog (Boophis albilabris) is a species of frog from the Mantellidae family, endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, intermittent rivers, and heavily degraded former forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Boophis albipunctatus is another species of frog from the Mantellidae family. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers. The Boophis andohahela frog is a species threatened by the loss of its habitat. However, it is not listed as an endangered species. Boophis andohahela is a frog species from the Mantellidae family. Endemic to Madagascar, officially known only from the Andohahela National Park and unofficially from the Ranomafana National Park. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and rivers. It is protected in its currently known areas, but if it exists outside of them, it may be threatened by the loss of its habitat due to agriculture, logging, etc. Charcoal production, invasive Eucalyptus trees, livestock grazing, and expanding human settlements threaten the habitats of Boophis andreonei and Boophis andrangoloaka in Madagascar. These frog species from the Mantellidae family are native to subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers and are threatened by the loss of their habitat. Boophis anjanaharibeensis is another frog species from the Mantellidae family that is endemic to Madagascar. She is officially known only from the Réserve Spéciale d’Anjanaharibe-Sud, but unofficially also from other areas, including the Marojejy National Park, which is well known for its natural habitats, including subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and rivers. The park is threatened by habitat loss due to agriculture, logging, charcoal production, invasive eucalyptus trees, livestock grazing, and expanding human settlements.
Boophis ankaratra is a frog species from the Mantellidae family, endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, grasslands, rural gardens, and heavily degraded former forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Boophis arcanus is a frog species from the Mantellidae family, endemic to Madagascar. This species does not show sexual dimorphism.
Boophis axelmeyeri is a species of frog from the Mantellidae family, endemic to Madagascar. It is named after the evolutionary biologist and zoologist Axel Meyer.
Boophis baetkei is a species of frog from the Mantellidae family. n. – Plazi …
It is endemic to the north of Madagascar and only known from its type locality on the eastern edge of the special reserve Fôret d’Ambre in the Antsiranana Province.
It is a tree species that is found in a highly disturbed transitional forest (also characterized as relatively dry rainforest).
It is threatened by significant habitat loss occurring in the area of its type locality.
Boophis blommersae
Boophis blommersae is a frog species from the Mantellidae family.
Endemic to the North of Madagascar, it is known from two locations, Montagne d’Ambre and near Tsaratanana.
There is also a newer one from near Bemanevika.
The specific name blommersae honors Rose Marie Antoinette Blommers-Schlösser, a Dutch herpetologist and entomologist.
Description
Adult males measure 24-27 mm in length. Their fingers have some webbing, while their toes are more robust. The dorsal skin is smooth. The dorsal coloration is highly variable, ranging from uniformly light brown to brown with a large dark hourglass pattern or brown with lichen-like yellow or pink spots.
The throat is translucent with a green shading, while the central belly is silvery-white and the sides are translucent.
The iris of the eyes is light brown to gray, with some reddish-brown color and a greenish-yellow periphery.
The legs have rather indistinct dark crossbands, and the tips of the fingers and toes are greenish.
The iris of the eyes is light brown to gray.
Habitat and Conservation:
The Boophis blommersae frog species is endemic to Madagascar and is found in the humid rainforest at an altitude of 379-1,780 meters above sea level. The tadpoles develop in streams.
It is a very common species, but it only tolerates slight changes in its habitat. It is threatened by the loss of its habitat caused by subsistence agriculture, logging, charcoal production, the spread of eucalyptus, and the expansion of human settlements. However, it can be found in the well-managed Montagne d’Ambre National Park and Tsaratanana Reserve, as well as in the planned Bemanevika Protected Area.
Boophis boehmei is a frog species from the Mantellidae family that is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Boophis boppa
Boophis boppa is a rare frog species from the Mantellidae family, endemic to Madagascar.
Its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grasslands, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Boophis bottae
Boophis bottae is a frog species endemic to Madagascar from the Mantellidae family.
Distribution and Habitat
The species inhabits the eastern rainforest belt of Madagascar at elevations of 800-1,000 meters. It is threatened by habitat loss.
It is found along forest streams, where it likely breeds, and is located at the edge, but never completely outside, of the rainforest.
Conservation
In the Andasibe-Mantadia National Park, Boophis bottae is found.
B. bottae is locally abundant and is currently classified as Least Concern by the IUCN.
However, populations are suspected to be shrinking due to ongoing habitat destruction from agriculture, deforestation, charcoal production, and various invasive species.
Other species in this genus have shown susceptibility to chytridiomycosis, but. Currently, this does not seem to affect amphibians in Madagascar.
Boophis brachychir
Boophis brachychir is a species of frog from the Mantellidae family.
It is endemic to Madagascar.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, moist savanna, rivers, and heavily degraded former forests.
It is threatened by habitat loss due to agriculture, logging, charcoal production, invasive eucalyptus trees, grazing livestock, fires, and expanding human settlements.
It is often confused with Boophis madagascariensis.
No conservation measures are currently in place.
Boophis calcaratus, also known as the Hellaugenfrosch, is a tree frog species found in Madagascar. It has large knobs on its heels, particularly noticeable in females, distinguishing it from most other Boophis species; among knob-bearing Boophis, it is unique in lacking webbing on its hands.
Boophis doulioti is a frog species belonging to the Mantellidae family. Endemic to Madagascar, its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical dry forests, dry savanna, moist savanna, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, rivers, intermittent rivers, freshwater marshes, and intermittent freshwater marshes.
Tropical moist shrubland, swamps, seasonal freshwater marshes, pastureland, seasonally flooded agricultural areas, as well as canals and ditches.
Madagascar Frog – Boophis elenae
Boophis elenae is a frog species from the Mantellidae family. Endemic to Madagascar, it is only known from the Ranomafana National Park (where it is abundant) and the Farimazava Forest in Antoetra. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, farmland, plantations, rural gardens, and heavily degraded former forests. It is threatened by the loss of natural habitats, primarily due to the impacts of agriculture, logging, charcoal production, invasive eucalyptus trees, livestock grazing, and expanding human settlements.
Boophis entingae is a rare frog species from the Mantellidae family. Endemic to Madagascar, its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grasslands, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Boophis erythrodactylus is a frog species from the Mantellidae family. Endemic to Madagascar, its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and rivers. It is threatened by the loss of its natural habitats, primarily due to the impacts of agriculture, logging, charcoal production, invasive eucalyptus trees, livestock grazing, and expanding human settlements.
Boophis fayi is a medium-sized species with green color and striking green eyes. They are nocturnal and feed on insects. Habitat loss through deforestation and conversion of forests into agricultural land threaten the habitat of Boophis fayi. Measures to protect their habitat and preserve biodiversity are urgently needed to ensure the survival of this endangered frog species. If you want to learn more about the protection of Boophis fayi and other threatened species, visit the Betampona Reserve in Madagascar. fayi has a more greenish than red iris color and is characterized by green outer irises and turquoise iris peripheries. Additionally, it has a barely perceptible supratympanic fold in males. The frog has an intercalary element between the last and penultimate fingers and toes, bridal bands, and males do not have female glands, so it belongs to the genus Boophis. It is brown in color and has skin flaps on heels and elbows, as well as white tubercles along the cloacal opening, so it can be assigned to the B. goudoti group. The species has a relatively small SVL (snout vent length) in. Comparison to the rest of the B. goudoti group, this frog stands out for its unique eye color, small white warts in the cloacal region, and a weak supratypanic fold.
It also shows significant genetic differentiation from the rest of the group. Compared to frogs of similar size, it has a unique iris and no increased dorsal reticulation. Compared to larger frogs, males have a slightly larger SVL and shorter hind limbs.
Behavior:
The frog can also be distinguished by its call, which consists of a series of 1-3 notes lasting 100-370 ms. The tones pulse, but the pulse repetition is fast. The tone repetition rate is about 3.3/s. It also has another call, which is suspected to be a territorial call due to its similarity to that of B. tampoka. It consists of 1-2 click notes with a duration of up to 200 ms, depending on the number of notes. The tones do not pulse and the tone repetition is about 6-10/s. These sequences are separated by irregular intervals.
Distribution and Habitat:
Boophis fayi can be found in lowland rainforests and wetlands in central eastern and northeastern Madagascar.
Conservation Status:
According to the IUCN Red List, the population is vulnerable and declining; threats include, among others. Development, Livestock, Fire, Invasive Species, and Logging.
Their conservation status has not been assessed by any other source.
Boophis feonnyala
Boophis feonnyala is a species of frog from the Mantellidae family.
It is endemic to Madagascar, known only from the Andasibe-Mantadia National Park, but likely has a wider distribution.
It is protected in the national park, but if found elsewhere, it may be threatened by agriculture, logging, charcoal production, invasive eucalyptus trees, livestock grazing, and expanding human settlements.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, freshwater lakes, heavily degraded former forests.
Boophis goudotii (commonly known as Goudot’s bright-eyed frog) is a species of frog from the Mantellidae family, endemic to Madagascar where it is widespread on the central highlands of the island.
Records elsewhere are uncertain, and many of them are misidentifications.
It is the only Malagasy frog known to have vocal females.
Etymology
The specific name Goudotii honors Jules Prosper Goudot, a French collector who worked in Madagascar in the first half of the 19th century.
Description
Male frogs measure 50-70 mm and females typically 75-87 mm, but they can grow up to 100 mm in size.
The coloration is variable, ranging from almost entirely blackish to yellowish with black spots.
The ventral area is yellowish or orange and may have blackish spots.
The iris is copper turquoise at the periphery.
The tympanum is well pronounced.
Males have nuptial pads and a subgular vocal sac.
Calls include irregularly emitted groaning sounds that are heard during both day and night, made by both sexes.
Habitat and Conservation
Boophis goudotii is a common species found in rainforests, fields, and.
Found near disturbed riverbanks close to slow-flowing or stagnant waters.
Their altitude range is between 900-2,200 meters above sea level.
They are poor climbers but are sometimes found in trees.
Reproduction occurs in both permanent and temporary bodies of slow-flowing or stagnant water.
As the forest habitat of this species retreats, it tolerates a wide range of habitats.
It is also collected for human consumption, although not in quantities that would pose a threat.
Boophis guibei, sometimes known as the warty button-eyed frog, is a species of frog from the Mantellidae family. The Mantellidae family includes various frog species endemic to Madagascar. Their natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, and heavily degraded former forests. These frogs are threatened by habitat loss.
Boophis haematopus is a frog species belonging to the Mantellidae family. Endemic to Madagascar, it inhabits subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers. This frog is also at risk due to habitat loss.
Boophis haingana is a rare frog species from the Mantellidae family. Endemic to Madagascar, it thrives in subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. Like other species in its family, Boophis haingana faces threats from habitat loss. It is found in subtropical or tropical moist mountain forests, subtropical or tropical highland grasslands, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests. The species is threatened by habitat loss.
Boophis idae (Ida’s bright-eyed frog) is a species of frog from the Mantellidae family, endemic to Madagascar.
The species has a wide distribution in the eastern moist lowland and montane rainforests of Madagascar, from Nosy Boraha to Ivohibe, at elevations of 900-1,100 m. It also occurs in swamps, marshes, and various wet habitats used by humans. It appears to be locally distributed throughout its range.
Although currently classified as least concern by the IUCN, Boophis idae is believed to be impacted by habitat loss due to agriculture, logging, charcoal production, and the spread of invasive species such as eucalyptus trees.
Boophis jaegeri, also known as the Green Skeleton Frog, is a species of frog in the Mantellidae family, endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, plantations, and heavily degraded areas. Former forests. It is threatened by the loss of its habitat.
Boophis laurenti is another species of frog from the Mantellidae family. Endémique à Madagascar, il est seulement connu du parc national d’Andringitra. Ses habitats naturels sont les forêts de montagne subtropicales ou tropicales humides, les maquis hauts subtropicaux ou tropicaux, les prairies hautes subtropicales ou tropicales, et les cours d’eau. Il est menacé par la perte d’habitat due aux incendies et au pâturage.
Boophis liami est une espèce de grenouille de la famille des Mantellidae. Elle est endémique à Madagascar, actuellement seulement connue de la forêt de Vohidrazana et du parc national d’Andasibe-Mantadia qui sont bien connus, mais elle pourrait également être plus répandue. Ses habitats naturels sont les forêts subtropicales ou tropicales humides de basse altitude, les cours d’eau et les anciennes forêts fortement dégradées. Elle est menacée par la perte d’habitat due à l’agriculture, l’exploitation forestière, la production de charbon de bois, les eucalyptus envahissants, le pâturage et l’expansion des établissements humains.
Boophis lichenoides, Boophis lilianae et Boophis luciae sont des espèces rares de grenouilles de la famille des Mantellidae. Elles sont toutes endémiques à Madagascar et leurs habitats naturels sont les forêts subtropicales ou tropicales humides de basse altitude, les forêts de montagne subtropicales ou tropicales humides, les prairies hautes subtropicales ou tropicales, les marécages et les anciennes forêts fortement dégradées.
Comme tous les Mantellidae, elles sont. Boophis luteus, une espèce de grenouille de la famille des Mantellidae, est endémique à Madagascar. Its natural habitats include forests, rivers, and heavily degraded former forests. The Boophis luteus species is threatened by habitat loss. Males have a snout-vent length of 35-40 mm, while females measure 51 mm. Their bellies are bluish to greenish, and their backs have smooth skin.
Boophis madagascariensis is another frog species from the Mantellidae family that is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are forests, rivers, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, and heavily degraded former forests. It is also threatened by habitat loss.
Boophis majori is a frog species from the Mantellidae family, endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and rivers.
They are threatened by habitat loss.
Boophis mandraka
Boophis mandraka is a frog species from the Mantellidae family, endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist mountain forests, rivers, and heavily degraded former forests. The main threats to Boophis mandraka include habitat loss due to agriculture, logging, charcoal production, invasive eucalyptus trees, livestock grazing, and the expansion of human settlements.
Boophis marojezensis
Boophis marojezensis is a frog species from the Mantellidae family, endemic to Madagascar. It is primarily found in the Mandraka Park, with possible sightings in the Andohahela National Park, Ambatovaky Reserve, Anjanaharibe-Sud Reserve, and Andasibe-Mantadia National Park. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist mountain forests, rivers, and heavily degraded former forests. The main threats to Boophis marojezensis include habitat loss due to agriculture, logging, charcoal production, invasive eucalyptus trees, livestock grazing, and the expansion of human settlements.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Madagascar Frog Boophis miadana
Boophis miadana is a rare frog species from the Mantellidae family.
Endemic to Madagascar, its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests.
It is threatened by habitat loss.
Boophis microtympanum
Boophis microtympanum
Boophis microtympanum is a frog species from the Mantellidae family.
Endemic to Madagascar, its natural habitats include…
Endemic to Madagascar, Boophis miniatus is a species of frog belonging to the Mantellidae family. Its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, and heavily degraded former forests. Threatened by habitat loss.
Boophis miniatus
Boophis miniatus is a frog species from the Mantellidae family.
Endemic to Madagascar, its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, and heavily degraded former forests.
Threatened by habitat loss.
Boophis narinsi
A rare frog species from the Mantellidae family.
Endemic to Madagascar, its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, and heavily degraded former forests.
Subtropical or tropical highland grassland, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests are the natural habitats of Boophis obscurus, a rare frog species from the Mantellidae family. Endemic to Madagascar, this species is threatened by habitat loss. Boophis occidentalis, una especie de rana de la familia Mantellidae, también se encuentra en Madagascar. Sus hábitats naturales incluyen bosques subtropicales o tropicales húmedos de tierras bajas, bosques montanos húmedos subtropicales o tropicales, pastizales subtropicales o tropicales de tierras altas, pantanos y bosques antiguos fuertemente degradados. Al igual que Boophis obscurus, Boophis occidentalis también está amenazada por la pérdida de hábitat.
Boophis opisthodon es una especie de rana de la familia Mantellidae, endémica de Madagascar. Sus hábitats naturales incluyen bosques secos subtropicales o tropicales, bosques húmedos subtropicales o tropicales de tierras bajas, pantanos, marismas de agua dulce, marismas de agua dulce intermitentes y bosques antiguos fuertemente degradados. Está amenazada por la pérdida de hábitat.
Boophis pauliani es otra especie de rana de la familia Mantellidae, también endémica de Madagascar. Sus hábitats naturales incluyen bosques subtropicales o tropicales húmedos de tierras bajas, bosques montanos húmedos subtropicales o tropicales, ríos y áreas urbanas. Al igual que Boophis opisthodon, también está en riesgo debido a la pérdida de hábitat. Swamps, temporary freshwater swamps, farmland, pastureland, and heavily degraded former forest.
It is threatened by the loss of its habitat.
Boophis periegetes
Boophis periegetes is a frog species from the Mantellidae family.
It is endemic to Madagascar, officially known only from the Ranomafana National Park, with unconfirmed records in the Andohahela National Park, Andringitra National Park, and Kalambatritra Reserve.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and rivers.
It is threatened by habitat loss due to agriculture, logging, charcoal production, invasive eucalyptus trees, which. is a frog species from the Mantellidae family, endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers. The IUCN does not consider it to be threatened.
Boophis piperatus
Boophis piperatus is a rare frog species from the Mantellidae family, endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grasslands, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Boophis popi
Boophis popi is a frog species from the Mantellidae family, endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers. It is not considered to be threatened by the IUCN.
B. popi is a nocturnal species of skeleton frog that is found exclusively in the forests of Madagascar. It is known for its distinctive red sword lilies and raised ridges on its back. The frog is brown and grey in color, with slender limbs, and emits a pulsating call. It is slightly larger than other frogs in its genus. This species was first described in 2011 and was named after the company “pop-interactive GmbH.”
B. popi belongs to the skeleton frog genus and is part of the B. goudoti group. It was described by Jörn Köhler, Frank Glaw and Gonçalo M. Rosa, Philip-Sebastian Gehring, Maciej Pabijan, Franco Andreone, and Miguel Vences in their 2011 article titled “Two new bright-eyed tree frogs of the genus Boophis from Madagascar.” The frog was named after the German company “pop-interactive GmbH” for their support in research and biodiversity conservation. Through molecular genetic studies, it was found that B. popi is closely related to Boophis fayi and Boophis boehmei.
B. popi has distinct bright red outer iris, inner iris that is beige with a brown vessel-like pattern, and is surrounded by a black ring. The iris periphery has a blue border. The frog’s body is brown in color with various black and beige markings, including spots on its body and flanks. The throat and chest are beige and gray, while the belly is light brown with small brown spots. The limbs are gray with brown patterns. Preserved specimens typically have a lighter color. The throat and chest are smooth, the belly is granular, and the cloaca is surrounded by white warts.
The arms are somewhat slender, the forearms are fringed, and there is a pointed skin appendage at the elbow. The fingers follow a length pattern, with the second finger being significantly shorter than the fourth.
The second finger
The fourth frog species is significantly shorter than the fourth. It has slender hind limbs and a dermal appendage on the heel. It has five toes that follow the length pattern.
Females are larger than males.
Although morphologically similar to other frogs in Boophis, there are some key differences that make B. popi a different species. Visually, B. popi is most similar to B. axelmeyeri, but smaller in size.
Compared to B. rufioculis, B. popi has smaller cloacal tubercles and shorter hind limbs. B. popi also has significantly elevated mesh patterns on the back, while similar frogs do not. classified in the genus Boophis due to the intercalary element between the last two fingers and toes, the nuptial pads, and the absence of female glands in males.
Behavior
- popi is a nocturnal tree frog and is active on vegetation near slow-flowing streams during the rainy season.
- Popi calls consist of two short series of pulsating tones, one with three tones and the other with two tones.
The duration of the notes varies from 18-29 ms and the pauses between notes range from 97-120 ms.
Its pitch is similar to that of B. boehmei and B.
Translation:
La garganta y el pecho son lisos, el vientre es granular y la cloaca está rodeada de verrugas blancas.
Los brazos son algo delgados, los antebrazos están bordeados y hay un apéndice de piel puntiagudo en el codo. Los dedos siguen un patrón de longitud, siendo el segundo dedo significativamente más corto que el cuarto.
El segundo dedo
La cuarta especie de rana es significativamente más corta que la cuarta. Tiene extremidades traseras delgadas y un apéndice dérmico en el talón. Tiene cinco dedos que siguen el patrón de longitud.
Las hembras son más grandes que los machos.
Aunque morfológicamente similar a otras ranas de Boophis, hay algunas diferencias clave que hacen de B. popi una especie diferente. Visualmente, B. popi es más similar a B. axelmeyeri, pero de menor tamaño.
En comparación con B. rufioculis, B. popi tiene tubérculos cloacales más pequeños y extremidades traseras más cortas. B. popi también tiene patrones de malla significativamente elevados en la espalda, mientras que las ranas similares no. clasificadas en el género Boophis debido al elemento intercalar entre los dos últimos dedos y dedos, las almohadillas nupciales y la ausencia de glándulas femeninas en los machos.
Comportamiento
- popi es una rana arborícola nocturna y está activa en la vegetación cerca de arroyos de flujo lento durante la temporada de lluvias.
- Las llamadas de Popi consisten en dos series cortas de tonos pulsantes, una con tres tonos y otra con dos tonos.
La duración de las notas varía de 18-29 ms y las pausas entre notas oscilan entre 97-120 ms.
Su tono es similar al de B. boehmei y B. Quasiboehmei, but Boophis popi is found in the mountainous rainforest in central Madagascar, with a population decreasing due to threats such as development, agriculture, mining, deforestation, fires, and invasive species and diseases.
Boophis praedictus, Boophis pyrrhus, Boophis quasiboehmei, Boophis rappiodes, Boophis reticulatus, Boophis rhodoscelis, Boophis roseipalmatus, Boophis rufioculis, Boophis sambirano, Boophis sandrae, Boophis schuboeae, Boophis septentrionalis, Boophis sibilans.
These are rare species of frogs, slightly smaller than their larger body size would suggest.
However, the calls of those in the B. goudoti group are very similar and not unique to B. popi in particular. They belong to the family of Mantellidae. They are all endemic to Madagascar, with their natural habitats being subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grasslands, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests. They are threatened by habitat loss. Boophis spinophis, Boophis tampoka, Boophis tasymena, Boophis tephraeomystax, Boophis tsilomaro, Boophis ulftunni, Boophis viridis, Boophis vittatus, Boophis williamsi are rare frog species from the family Mantellidae. They are all endemic to Madagascar, with their natural habitats being subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grasslands, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests. They are threatened by habitat loss. Endangered by habitat loss.
Boophis xerophilus
Boophis xerophilus is a frog species endemic to Madagascar from the Mantellidae family, known only from the Kirindy Forest in central western Madagascar and the Réserve Naturelle Privée de Berenty in the far southeast of Madagascar; it may also occur more widely between the two known locations.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, moist savannas, and temporary freshwater marshes.
It is threatened by habitat loss for agriculture, logging, charcoal production, livestock grazing, fires, and expanding human settlements.
Genus Laliostoma
Laliostoma labrosum
Laliostoma is a frog genus from the Mantellidae family. It is monotypic, represented by a single species, Laliostoma labrosum, and endemic to Madagascar.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, dry savanna, moist savanna, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, temporary freshwater marshes, hot deserts, farmland, pastureland, rural gardens, urban areas, ponds, seasonally flooded agricultural land, as well as canals and ditches.
Mantella aurantiaca
The Golden Mantella (Mantella aurantiaca) is a small, endemic ground frog in Madagascar.
The Golden Mantella (Mantella aurantiaca) has an extremely limited distribution in three different areas focusing on the city of Moramanga – in the communities of Beparasy and Ambohibary, in the Torotorofotsy wetland northwest of Andasibe, and in the Ambakoana area.
Mantella aurantiaca is one of Madagascar’s most endangered amphibian species, as it is limited to an area under immense anthropogenic pressure.
It may also be threatened by overcollection for the pet trade.
Description
The Golden Mantella is a uniformly yellow, orange, or red frog with a. La taille varie de 20 à 26 mm. La face interne de la cuisse présente des marques flash rouges. Le tympan est visible mais petit. Les couleurs vives de la mantelle dorée sont considérées comme un exemple d’aposematisme, avertissant les prédateurs de la toxicité de la grenouille.
Écologie et comportement
Le comportement de la mantelle dorée est fortement saisonnier, restant principalement inactive pendant les mois d’hiver de mai à octobre.
Lorsque la pluie arrive et que la température se réchauffe, les grenouilles sortent de leurs cachettes et utilisent de petites zones humides laiteuses pour la reproduction.
Les mâles émettent souvent leur appel depuis des positions cachées près d’une source d’eau.
L’appel est un son de cliquetis agréable et répétitif.
Les grenouilles ne semblent pas s’engager dans un amplexus typique, mais le mâle se déplace seulement virtuellement en amplexus sur le dos de la femelle.
Les œufs sont pondus dans une litière de feuilles humides près de l’eau sur terre, et lorsque la pluie arrive, les têtards sont entraînés de la terre vers l’eau.
La mantelle dorée se nourrit de petits invertébrés. Dans la nature, cela consiste principalement en des acariens, des fourmis, des mouches et des collemboles. The frogs obtain their skin toxins from their diet.
These toxins include Pumiliotoxin, Allopumiliotoxin, Homopumiliotoxin alkaloids, pyrrolizidine, indolizidine, and quinolizidine.
Although they are toxic, the snake Thamnosophis lateralis and a skink of the genus Zonosaurus have been observed hunting this species in the Torotorofotsy wetland.
In Captivity
There are plans to start a legally regulated collection program for this species.
The golden mantella is occasionally seen in the pet trade and kept in captivity by collectors of exotic animals and zoological institutions. They are popular for their daily activity, attractive coloring, and relative ease once they have settled in.
Etymology
The species was described by the French herpetologist François Mocquard in 1900 based on a 21.2 mm long male. Individual specimens were described.
The species was found in forests in the area between Beforana and Moramanga.
The species name comes from the Latin aurantiacus, which means gold.
Mantella baroni
Mantella baroni (often known by the common names Baron’s mantella, the colorful golden frog, or the Madagascar poison frog) is a species of small poison frog from the Mantellidae family.
The species was formally described in 1888 by George Albert Boulenger, who named the species after Richard Baron, an English botanist and missionary in Madagascar, who described the individual. Art collected and studied, composed. Distribution, Habitat, and Conservation Status: Like other species in the Mantellidae family, this particular species is only found in Madagascar. It is believed that this family migrated to Madagascar around 76-87 million years ago and adapted to the island’s isolation, resulting in a diverse range of species. Phylogenetically, the Mantellidae family is related to Asian frogs, suggesting a dispersal event from Asia. This species is one of about 220 frog species (including 15 in the Mantella genus) that are only found in Madagascar. Its geographical distribution is medium-sized and elongated, predominantly in the eastern part of the country. It stretches from the east coast to the interior, spanning from the south (Fierenana) to the north (Andringitra). Its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, and degraded former forests. This species generally prefers elevations between 600 and 1200 meters above sea level. Although classified as least concern by the IUCN as of 2016, its population trends are technically unknown due to its relatively wide distribution. The habitat of this species may be threatened by various sources of habitat loss. These include anthropogenic impacts such as commercialization and industrialization, logging and deforestation, as well as agriculture. It is listed in Appendix II of CITES.
Description:
Although this species only reaches 28-32 mm in length at maturity, it is one of the largest in the genus of 16 species, surpassed only by a few individuals of Mantella viridis. Most individuals of this species exhibit specific, unique features that distinguish them from other Mantella species. However, there is a variety of phenotypes that manifest in colors on the forelimbs, ranging from bright green. The colors of Mantella frogs range from vibrant oranges and yellows, sometimes confused or introduced to the international market as Mantella cowanii. Moreover, “the forelimbs and thigh bones are yellow to greenish in color, with this coloration continuing on the flanks to a large, rounded flank spot that reflects the everyday appearance of the species Mantella madagascariensis, known as the painted Mantella.” These spots “contrast with the black dorsum and the striking orange and black legs” in both species. Difficulties in acquiring the right species are common for merchants, sellers, herpetologists, breeders, collectors, and pet owners. The easiest way to distinguish between the two species is to look for the “sky-blue, horseshoe-shaped marking” on the throat of the painted mantella, as well as the absence of “flash marks on the lower hind limbs” on the baron’s mantella. Due to their similar appearance, the baron’s mantella is sometimes informally referred to as the “painted mantella,” although the painted mantella is a distinct species overall.
Bernhard’s mantella (Mantella bernhardi), brown mantella (Mantella betsileo), Cowan’s mantella (Mantella cowanii), yellow mantella or eastern mantella (Mantella crocea), Mantella ebenaui
Are rare frog species.
Mantellidae Family
The Mantellidae family is endemic to Madagascar. Their natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grasslands, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests. They are threatened by habitat loss.
Mantella expectata
The blue-legged Mantella (Mantella expectata) is a small frog species from the Mantellidae family. It is endemic to the Isalo National Park and areas south of it in Madagascar, sharing its habitat with the Rainbow Frog (Scaphiophryne gottlebei).
Both species are locally distributed but are endangered due to habitat loss and excessive collection for the pet trade.
Habitat and Behavior
The blue-legged Mantella is diurnal and belongs to the species group of M. betsileo.
Its preferred habitats are sun-exposed areas such as temporary rocky streams and rocky gorges.
Their breeding season is from September to December.
The eggs are either hung on the walls of gorges or placed under rocks. They are then flooded by water and complete their development in temporary pools.
It is a relatively short-lived species with a typical maximum age of 3 years.
Appearance
The so-called “Desert Mantella”, a likely undescribed species, is.
The blue-legged Mantella, related to the golden Mantella, measures 2-3 cm in length and features aposematic colors as a warning of the alkaloid toxins in its skin.
Its head and upper side are yellow, contrasting with blue legs and black flanks and sides of the head.
The underside is black with blue spots. There are individual and location-based variations, with some having darker and grayer legs or, in the far north of their range, a reddish lower back (in contrast to the yellow upper back and head).
Image description: The image shows the blue-legged Mantella frog. Those with red lower backs and gray legs are sometimes referred to as “blushing mantella” or mantella. In the southern part of the species range, individuals usually have some brown on their legs resembling the appearance of betsileo and are genetically positioned between two, but the taxonomic position is still unclear. This intermediate population is sometimes referred to as m. cf. expectata while the so-called likely undescribed from dry habitats in the southernmost western parts of Madagascar is closely related to blue-legged aff. expectata. Gender can be determined by the size of the body, with females on average significantly larger than males. A horseshoe-shaped blue spot on the lower jaw and specific vocalizations emitted only by males are also distinguishing characteristics.
Mantella haraldmeieri, Mantella laevigata
Mantella haraldmeieri, Mantella laevigata are rare frog species from the Mantellidae family. They have vibrant yellow bands or spots on their sides and limbs, and their undersides are usually white or yellow. The skin is smooth and shiny. The Madagascan painted mantella is known for its toxic skin secretions, which are used as a defense mechanism against predators.
Una franja rostral verde o amarillenta recorre la cabeza.
Los huesos del muslo y los huesos superiores del brazo suelen ser de color amarillo a verde, mientras que los muslos, los tarso y los pies son de color rojo anaranjado con manchas negruzcas.
Las manchas amarillo-verdosas se extienden hasta los flancos cerca de las extremidades anteriores.
Esta especie está adaptada a los bosques de montaña subtropicales o tropicales húmedos y los ríos. Mantella viridis está estrechamente relacionada con Mantella pulchra y es muy similar a Mantella baroni.
Anfibios de Madagascar – Mantella viridis
La Mantella Verde (Mantella viridis) es una especie de rana de la familia Mantellidae. Es endémica de Madagascar.
Sus hábitats naturales son bosques secos subtropicales o tropicales, ríos, ríos intermitentes y bosques antiguos altamente degradados, al igual que todas las demás especies, están amenazadas por la pérdida de hábitat.
El comercio comercial de estas especies requiere una estricta regulación para evitar su amenaza.
Descripción
La Mantella Verde es una pequeña rana. Los machos miden de 22 a 25 mm, las hembras de 25 a 30 mm de tamaño.
Esta especie está ampliamente distribuida en el comercio de mascotas como especie de vivario.
Algunas de las ranas tienen un color amarillento, con una cabeza negra y una franja blanca alrededor del labio superior. La parte inferior de la rana es negra con motas azules.
La especie hembra generalmente es más grande y tiene un hocico de forma más cuadrada. They are threatened with extinction due to habitat loss and overcollection for the pet trade.
Habitat
Green Mantellas live in the northernmost part of Madagascar and thrive in dry lowland forests at elevations between 50 and 300 meters above sea level.
Nutrition
Insects, invertebrates also eat berries. Green Mantella frogs need water like most frogs, but they don’t get it by drinking. Their permeable skin allows them to absorb water.
Mantidactylus albofrenatus
Mantidactylus albofrenatus is a species of frog from the Mantellidae family. It is endemic to eastern Madagascar near An’Ala and Andasibe.
The common name Eastern Madagascar frog has been suggested for it.
Description
Adult males measure 19-23 mm (0.7-0.9 in) and adult females 25-27 mm (1.0-1.1 in).
The legs are short. The tympanum The males of Mantidactylus albofrenatus are large, larger than the eye. They have well-developed femoral glands. The toes have rudimentary webbing. The dorsal coloration is brown and forms a distinct dorsolateral color boundary with dark brown flanks. A distinct light stripe runs from the base of the forelimbs to (almost) the nostril. The throat is dark gray with a distinct pattern of white spots forming a central row. The hind limbs have dark crossbands. The male mating call is a rapid series of 31-36 short pulsed tones.
Habitat and Conservation
Mantidactylus albofrenatus is a ground frog found in pristine or lightly disturbed rainforests at elevations of 850-900 m (2,790-2,950 feet) above sea level.
It is often found near streams. Calling males of Mantidactylus charlotteae have been found near streams during the day. It is believed that the eggs of this species are laid on land.
Mantidactylus charlotteae is a locally common species, but it is only found in two locations. The population of this species is believed to be decreasing due to habitat loss and degradation. It can be found in the Special Reserve of Analamazaotra.
Mantidactylus charlotteae is a frog species in the Mantellidae family. It is endemic to Madagascar and is found in the eastern part of the country, specifically in the coastal rainforest belt between Marojejy in the north and possibly as far as Andohahela in the south.
Males of Mantidactylus charlotteae measure 22-26 mm (0.87-1.02 in) in length, while females measure 26-32 mm (1.0-1.3 in). The body of this species is relatively slim, with a long head and rounded snout. It has pronounced eardrums and slender limbs. The fingers are not webbed, but the toes are.
The back of Mantidactylus charlotteae is reddish-brown in color and lacks markings. It has reddish dorso-lateral glandular ridges, and the flanks are blackish with a sharp edge towards the back.
The natural habitats of this species are undisturbed or lightly disturbed rainforests at elevations of up to 600 m (2,000 ft) above sea level. It is a terrestrial species often found near streams. She breeds in streams, but lays her eggs on land. Mantidactylus charlotteae is a very common species, although it is suspected to be declining due to habitat loss and degradation. These threats are caused by agriculture, logging, charcoal production, eucalyptus spread, cattle grazing, and human settlement expansion. However, it is present in several protected areas.
Mantidactylus tricinctus is a frog species belonging to the Mantellidae family. This species is endemic to Madagascar. It can be found between 450 and 850 meters in elevation at three locations in the east and southeast of the island: An’Ala, Befotaka, and Vondrozo. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, and swamps. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Description
Mantidactylus tricinctus measures 17 to 19 mm in length. Its back is brown with darker spots.
The species is characterized by a yellow spot on its.
Spinomantis aglavei is a species of frog from the endemic subfamily Mantellinae in Madagascar.
Habitat and Ecology
This species is found in subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, and swamps.
It is threatened by habitat loss.
Spinomantis bertini
Spinomantis bertini is a species of frog from the endemic subfamily Mantellinae in Madagascar.
Distribution and Habitat
Distribution and HabitatS. bertini has a relatively wide distribution in southeastern Madagascar, at an altitude of 500-1,300 meters.
Elevation: 1,600-4,300 ft above sea level.
It inhabits crevices between boulders and rocky areas, usually near flowing water, in pristine forest habitats; the species does not occur in degraded forests or secondary growth.
Conservation
The species is classified as “Near Threatened” by the IUCN. It is under pressure from habitat loss due to the expansion of agriculture, timber and coal production, and settlements, as well as the spread of invasive plants such as eucalyptus plants.
Spinomantis brunae
Spinomantis brunae (common name: Bruna’s Stream Frog) is a frog species from the Mantellidae family.
This text describes the Spinomantis brunae, a frog species that is native to Madagascar and specifically found in the Anosy Mountains in southeastern Madagascar. The male Spinomantis brunae measures 32-35 mm (1.3-1.4 in) in length, while information about the females is currently unknown. The frog has an olive green back with a pattern of dark brown spots and white spots on its flanks. Its finger and toe pads bear a pair of white spots, and its iris is cream white. The frog’s body is granular on the dorsal side, with weakly granular flanks and belly. The males have a subgular vocal sac.
Spinomantis brunae is typically found in pristine forests at elevations ranging from 600-800 m (2,000-2,600 ft) above sea level. These frogs inhabit rock crevices between boulders and rocky areas, often near flowing water. Their exact breeding habitat is unknown, but it is possible that they breed in flowing water. There have been observations of male frogs calling from branches about half a meter above the ground near small streams. This species is moderately common in certain local areas. However, the frog is threatened by the loss of its habitat caused by subsistence agriculture, deforestation, and growing human settlements. It is found in the Andohahela National Park.
Spinomantis elegans is found at sea level.
Spinomantis elegans is a frog species of the Mantellidae subfamily Mantellinae, endemic to Madagascar.
Distribution and Habitat:
S. elegans is only found in the southeastern part of Madagascar, with uncertain records from the north of Madagascar.
It has been documented at elevations of 1,350-2,500 m, inhabiting subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and grasslands, always in association with rocky areas.
They breed in streams.
Conservation:
This species appears to be rare, and males have never been collected.
Currently, it is classified as “Near Threatened” by the IUCN.
Its forest habitat is constantly shrinking due to anthropogenic influences. elegans is found in several protected areas.
Spinomantis fimbriatus
Spinomantis fimbriatus is a frog species of the Mantellidae subfamily Mantellinae, endemic to Madagascar.
Taxonomy
TaxonomyThis species was described by Glaw & Vences in 1994 in the genus Mantidactylus, subgenus Spinomantis.
Habitat and Distribution
The species is endemic to Madagascar.
It has been documented from Andasibe in the East of Madagascar, through the North to Masoala, Anjanaharibe and Marojejy in the Northeast of Madagascar.
Its natural habitats are undisturbed subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests at elevations of 500-1,000 m.
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Although S. fimbriatus is currently classified as least concern by the IUCN due to its abundant populations throughout its distribution range, the species is likely under some pressure from the loss of its forest habitat to agriculture, settlements, timber and charcoal production, as well as the spread of invasive plants such as Eucalyptus.
Spinomantis peraccae
Spinomantis peraccae is a frog species from the subfamily Mantellinae. It is endemic to Madagascar and widely distributed in the northern, eastern, and central parts of the island.
The specific epithet honors the Italian herpetologist Mario Giacinto Peracca. The Malagasy frog of Peracca was named after him.
Description
Adult males measure 34-44 mm (1.3-1.7 in) and adult females 39-45 mm (1.5-1.8 in) in snout-vent length. The snout is rounded. The tympanum is pronounced and the supra-tympanic fold is prominent.
The fingers have expanded discs, but no webbing; the toes are webbed, but the discs are smaller than those on the fingers. The dorsum is brownish-green with darker spots.
The dorsal skin is rather warty with dark, protruding spots. The ventral parts are whitish; there are only a few on the neck.
Dunkle Flecken
Geographic Range
The Dunkle Flecken is endemic to the eastern half of Madagascar.
Habitat
The Dunkle Flecken is found in pristine rainforests along streams at elevations of 500-2,000 m (1,600-6,600 ft) above sea level.
It lives in trees.
Eggs are laid on leaves over water. The tadpole develops in slow-flowing streams.
Conservation Status
The Dunkle Flecken is a locally abundant species but suffers from habitat loss. It is found in many protected areas. Due to its wide distribution and large overall population, it is not considered threatened.
Spinomantis phantasticus
Spinomantis phantasticus is a frog species from the Mantellidae family. He is endemic to eastern-central and northeastern Madagascar. Description: Male Spinomantis phantasticus measure 36-38 mm (1.4-1.5 in) in snout-vent length. This is a very striking species with a distinct green-brown dorsal pattern and large spines all over the body. Both the ventral side and femoral glands are greenish. The male advertisement call is a series of 4 or 5 “metallic” double-click notes.
Scpinomantis brunae
Scpinomantis brunae are found along streams in pristine forests at elevations of 500-1,200 m (1,600-3,900 ft) above sea level. Probably nesting in streams, like other species of the genus. The males call from about 2-4 m above the ground in the vegetation along streams. This species is locally abundant. Subsistence agriculture, logging, charcoal production, spread of invasive eucalyptus, livestock grazing, and expanding human settlements, however, pose threats to its habitat. It is found in the Masoala National Park and Marojejy.
Spinomantis tavaratra
Spinomantis tavaratra is a species of frog from the subfamily Mantellinae. It is endemic to the moist forests of northwestern Madagascar. Taxonomy: This species was described in 2008 by Cramer, Rabibisoa, and Raxworthy in the genus Spinomantis. The species called tavaratra is a Malagasy word for “the north” and refers to the origin of this species in northern Madagascar.
Description: Adult males measure 30.5-36.0 mm (1.20-1.42 in); females measure 31.6-33.2 mm (1.24-1.31 in). The species is also characterized by simple dermal spines of less than 1 mm (0.039 in) in length on the posterior edge of the tarsus.
Habitat and Ecology: Its natural habitats are primary forests near streams at an altitude of 650-1,300 m above sea level, in the Marojejy National Park, but also on the Sorata-Massiv. It is a tree-dwelling species that breeds in streams.
Part 2 – Microhylidae and Ranidae.
