Amphibians in Madagascar
Part 1 – Hyperoliidae, Mantellidae
Part 2 – Microhylidae and Ranidae.
The uniqueness of amphibians in Madagascar lies in the fact that almost all of the approximately 200 species of frogs there are endemic.
According to estimates by two specialists in the amphibian world of Madagascar, Frank Glaw and Miguel Vences, the classification of more than 150 of the frogs is still unclear.
The herpetofauna of Madagascar includes the Boophis frogs, the Heterixalus and Megalixalus frogs, the true frogs of the genus Nesomantis, the Mantella, the Microhylidae of the
Genus Scaphiophryne and Toads
The Mantella group is the most endangered group of amphibians in Madagascar.
The Mantella crocea is now represented by a small group of only 500 individuals. Other species in this group are more common.
Mantella laevigata is commonly found in the Marojejy National Park and on Nosy Mangabe;
Mantella betsileo come from the Lokobe Nature Reserve and Mantella madagascariensis can be found among the leaves of Eucalyptus trees near Vohiparara Ranomafana.
With a total length of 10 to 12 mm and a weight of only 0.2 mg, the species Sumpffia pygmaea is the smallest frog.
This species lives in the Ylang-Ylang plantation in Nosy Be, but can also be found along roadsides or on wet forest floors, hidden among the leaves.
Among the Tomato Frogs, there are two species: Dyscophus antongilii and Dyscophus guineti. While the Dyscophus antongilii species lives in limited numbers in humid forests, the Dyscophus guineti species is found in the depths of the jungle.
These two species are among the largest frogs in Madagascar.
In addition to the two already mentioned species of golden Mantellas, Madagascar is also home to the Microhylidae genus Scaphiophryne.
One particularly attractive species is Scaphiophryne gottlebei, which inhabits the region of the Isalo National Park.
Unfortunately, its colorful appearance makes it a target for the amphibian trade, putting it at risk.
The beauty of this frog species is therefore deadly for them. The environmental organization Pro Wildlife raises awareness about the threat of the extinction of Madagascar’s biodiversity.
The legal ban on trading endangered amphibian and reptile species was already discussed in the Species Protection Commission of the Washington Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species in 2009.
The amphibian population of Madagascar consists exclusively of frogs. There are 311 species in total.
Named frog species in Madagascar, but several hundred have been identified using DNA barcoding and still need to be formally described.
Indigenous described species belong to four different families: Hyperoliidae (11 species), Mantellidae (212 species), Microhylidae (86 species), and Ranidae (1 species).
Two additional species are introduced: the ranid frog Hoplobatrachus tigrinus and the toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus.
Almost all indigenous species are endemic, except for Ptychadena mascareniensis. 85 species are threatened with extinction, nine of which are classified by the IUCN.
Considered critically endangered, their numbers are largely affected by habitat loss due to deforestation, expansion of rice fields and villages, and to a lesser extent, illegal international trade.
Hyperoliidae
The Hyperoliidae, or reed frogs and bush frogs, are a large family of small to medium-sized, colorful frogs, comprising more than 250 species in 19 genera.
Additionally, the genus Heterixalus (currently 10 species) is endemic to Madagascar.
The body length of Hyperoliidae ranges from 1.5 to 8 cm. Many species have smooth, brightly patterned skin that looks almost like enamel.
Most Hyperoliidae are arboreal, but some are terrestrial. Their feeding habits vary greatly.
Reproduction in this family begins at the start of the rainy season, when Hyperoliidae gather at breeding sites.
Most Hyperoliidae lay their eggs in water, although foam nests, tree hole breeding, and egg laying in vegetation above water are known.
Afrixalus builds leaf nests for its eggs by folding and gluing leaf edges. Tadpoles are pond-like larvae with large dorsal fins on the tail.
Heterixalus alboguttatus
Heterixalus alboguttatus is a species found in Madagascar. is an endemic frog species from the Hyperoliidae family in Madagascar. Its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, swamps, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, urban areas, heavily degraded former forests, ponds, irrigated land, and seasonally flooded agricultural land.
Heterixalus andrakata
Heterixalus andrakata is another endemic frog species from the Hyperoliidae family in Madagascar. Its natural habitats are similar to those of Heterixalus betsileo.
Heterixalus betsileo
Heterixalus betsileo is an endemic frog species from the Hyperoliidae family in Madagascar. Its natural habitats are similar to those of Heterixalus andrakata. Heterixalus betsileo is a frog species endemic to Madagascar from the Hyperoliidae family. Its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, moist savannas, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grasslands, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grasslands, swamps, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, farmland, rural gardens, urban areas, heavily degraded former forests, ponds, irrigated land, seasonally flooded agricultural land, as well as canals and ditches.
Heterixalus boettgeri
Heterixalus boettgeri is a frog species from the Hyperoliidae family found in Madagascar. Heterixalus boettgeri is an endemic species found in the extreme southeast and south of the island. The specific name Boettgeri honors the German zoologist Oskar Boettger. The common name is Boettger’s Reed Frog.
Habitat and Conservation
This species is found in a variety of habitats at elevations below 300 m above sea level: dry forests, rainforest edges, coastal forests behind sand dunes, deforested areas, farmland, as well as villages and urban areas.
Males call after night-time rains in sun-exposed swamps and rice fields. It is a locally distributed and adaptable species that likely does not require major conservation efforts.
Exposed to threat.
It is found in small numbers in the international pet trade.
It is found in some protected areas (Cape Sainte Marie Special Reserve, Mandena Classified Forest), possibly also in the Andohahela National Park.
Heterixalus carbonei
Heterixalus carbonei is a frog species endemic to Madagascar from the Hyperoliidae family. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, freshwater marshes, and intermittent freshwater marshes. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Heterixalus luteostriatus
Heterixalus luteostriatus is a frog species endemic to Madagascar from the Hyperoliidae family. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, swamps, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, farmland, and.
Urban areas, heavily degraded former forests, ponds, irrigated areas, and seasonally flooded agricultural lands.
Heterixalus madagascariensis
Heterixalus madagascariensis (commonly known as the sky blue reed frog or occasionally as the powder sky blue reed frog) is a frog species endemic to Madagascar of the family Hyperoliidae.
Its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, moist savanna, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, swamps, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, sandy shores, farmland, urban areas, heavily degraded former forests, ponds, irrigated land, and seasonally flooded agricultural land.
Amphibians are a popular choice in the pet trade due to their beautiful colors and ease of care in a proper setup.
Heterixalus punctatus
Heterixalus punctatus is a frog species endemic to Madagascar from the Hyperoliidae family. Its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, swamps, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, farmland, rural gardens, heavily degraded former forests, ponds, irrigated land, and seasonally flooded agricultural land.
Heterixalus rutenbergi
Heterixalus rutenbergi is a frog species endemic to Madagascar from the Hyperoliidae family.
Its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical forests.
Tropical high grasslands, swamps, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, and farmland.
They are highly threatened by the loss of their habitat.
The dorsal surface of this frog is light green.
It has five white bands bordered by dark brown stripes running longitudinally along its back. Two similar bands are found on the sides of the limbs, and one along the feet.
The ventral surface is cream-colored, and the underside of the limbs is orange.
Heterixalus tricolor
Heterixalus tricolor is a frog species endemic to Madagascar from the Hyperoliidae family.
Its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical dry forests, moist savannas, subtropical or tropical seasonal wetlands, swamps, and floodplains.
Freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, farmland, heavily degraded former forests, ponds, irrigated areas, seasonally flooded agricultural land, as well as canals and ditches.
Heterixalus variabilis
Heterixalus variabilis is a frog species endemic to Madagascar from the Hyperoliidae family. Its natural habitats include moist savannas, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grasslands, marshes, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, farmland, urban areas, heavily degraded former forests, ponds, irrigated land, seasonally flooded agricultural land, as well as canals and ditches.
Mantellidae
Classification
The Mantellidae family consists of three ecologically diverse groups of frogs, divided into three subfamilies:
Mantellinae, typically terrestrial or semi-aquatic frogs;
Laliostominae are terrestrial, Typically, quite large frogs;
Boophinae are tree frogs.
As of May 3, 2016, 212 species are recognized in this family.
However, DNA barcode research has shown that more than 100 different genetic lineages remain taxonomically undescribed.
Evolution and Island Biogeography
The Mantellidae are the most species-rich frog family in Madagascar.
It has been shown that there is a negative correlation between body size and species diversity in this family,
The likely lower dispersal potential of smaller animals may be related to this.
This family is estimated to have colonized the island of Madagascar about 76-87 million years ago.
They are phylogenetically embedded in Asian frogs and therefore likely represent a dispersal event from Asia.
Two undescribed species of mantellid frogs are currently native to the island of Mayotte off the west coast of Madagascar.
These species belong to two genera that are otherwise endemic to Madagascar: they are genetically distinct from all mainland species and await formal description.
Reproduction
Reproductive modes in Mantellidae are highly diverse.
Depending on the genus and species, eggs can be laid in or around.
Guibemantis frogs of the subgenus Pandanusicola lay their eggs either in phytotelmata or over slow-flowing water.
Some species of Gephyromantis have a direct development or nidicolous tadpoles. Members of the subfamilies Boophinae and Laliostominae exhibit amplexus, but Mantellidae frogs do not.
Parental care is known in a few species (e.g. Mantidactylus argenteus). Sexual size dimorphism is present in most species, with females being larger than males, but can vary depending on the species.
There are exceptions (e.g. Boophis albilabris), where males are larger than females, possibly due to males competing for access to females.
Aglyptodactylus australis
Aglyptodactylus australis is a rare frog species from the Mantellidae family.
Endemic to Madagascar, its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grasslands, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests.
It is threatened by habitat loss.
Aglyptodactylus chorus
Aglyptodactylus chorus is a rare frog species from the Mantellidae family.
Endemic to Madagascar, its natural habitats include subtropical. Aglyptodactylus laticeps is a frog species from the Mantellidae family, endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and intermittent freshwater marshes. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Aglyptodactylus madagascariensis, also known as the Madagascar jumping frog, is another frog species from the Mantellidae family. It is found in Madagascar and its natural habitats include tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests. It is also threatened by habitat loss.
Madagascar is home to a variety of endemic frog species, including those found on the eastern side of the island.
One such frog is known for its widespread distribution and the large groups it forms during its breeding season, where it breeds explosively.
It typically inhabits fallen leaves on the forest floor.
Aglyptodactylus securifer
Aglyptodactylus securifer is a frog species belonging to the Mantellidae family.
Endemic to Madagascar, it is found in forested areas.
This species was described in 1998 and has a silver-grey to beige upper body with grey bands on its legs. The undersides are yellow, and the belly is white.
Its eyes are golden-yellow with black pupils.
Blommersia angolafa
Blommersia Angolafa is a frog species from the Mantellidae family.
This recently described species is endemic to eastern Madagascar.
The specific epithet is derived from the term “angolafa” or “angolafo”, the Malagasy vernacular name used by the Betsimisaraka for the palm species Dypsis palm (mostly for Dypsis lastelliana), whose leaves and prophylls provide habitat for this frog.
Description
Blommersia angolafa is a small frog with a body size of 17-21 mm, with enlarged tips on fingers and toes and no dark spots in the tympanum and Zehengegend, as they occur in the other Blommersia species.
Blommersia angolafa has a fairly uniform dorso-lateral coloration, ranging from yellowish light brown to dark brown shading, with light blue spots on the flanks and light blue tips on the fingers and toes.
This species also appears to be chromatically sexually dimorphic.
In fact, males differ from females by having a light coloration, while females are more brownish.
Blommersia angolafa is similar to B. grandisonae.
Although both Blommersia angolafa and Blommersia grandisonae have enlarged fingertips, those of B. angolafa are much more developed.
Eggs and Tadpoles
Egg clutches are only found from December onwards; they are located on.
Glued to the inner walls of fallen dead palm prophylls filled with water.
There are several different stages of tadpoles sharing the water accumulated in the same fallen prophyll.
Distribution and Habitat
Blommersia angolafa is found in four forest blocks in eastern Madagascar: Masoala, Ambatovaky, Zahamena, and Betampona, covering rainforest with an elevation range from 90 m (Ankavanana River, Masoala Peninsula) to 508 m (Vohitsivalana, RNI de Betampona).
It is found in both primary and
Also found in the secondary forest, as some Dypsis palms are tolerated in the secondary rainforest of Betampona.
The observed altitude distribution at Betampona ranged from 332-548 m above sea level. Andreone et al. suspect that this species could also occur in other rainforest locations located at these altitudes and latitudes in eastern Madagascar, such as Makira and Mananara Nord.
Life history, activity, and special behaviors
A particular aspect that characterizes this species is its novel life history and reproductive mode.
Both genders live and breed in a phytotelmic habitat of water accumulated in the fallen prophylls and leaf sheaths of at least three species of Dypsis palms.
Within these phytotelmata, egg laying and complete larval development take place. Andreone et al. never observed individuals outside dead fallen Dypsis phytotelmata, which were on the forest floor or contained rainwater.
Blommersia dejongi
Is a rare frog species from the Mantellidae family.
Endemic to Madagascar, its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests.
It is threatened by habitat loss.
Blommersia galani
Is a rare frog species from the Mantellidae family.
Endemic to Madagascar, its natural habitats are… The natural habitats of Blommersia variabilis, a rare frog species from the Mantellidae family, include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grasslands, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests. This species is threatened by habitat loss.
Blommersia domerguei, another frog species from the Mantellidae family, is also endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are similar to those of Blommersia variabilis, including subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grasslands, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests. Like Blommersia variabilis, Blommersia domerguei is also threatened by habitat loss. Lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist mountain forests, subtropical or tropical highland grasslands, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests are threatened by habitat loss.
Blommersia grandisonae is a species of frog from the Mantellidae family, first described in 1974 by Jean Marius René Guibé.
It is endemic to Madagascar.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, temporary freshwater swamps, and plantations.
It is threatened by habitat loss.
Blommersia kely
Blommersia kely is a species of frog from the Mantellidae family.
It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, wet savannas, subtropical grasslands.
In Madagascar, Blommersia sarotra is a frog species endemic to the island. Its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical swamps, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests. This species is threatened by habitat loss.
Characteristics of the species
Blommersia sarotra have the typical features of a single subgular vocal sac, short hands, and…
Blommersia sarotra has a long head, like most other species of the genus Blommersia. However, distinguishing features of the species include a white spot on the neck, the absence of vomerine teeth, and a unique mating call consisting of a long pulsed tone followed by a click.
Blommersia wittei
Blommersia wittei is a frog species from the Mantellidae family. These frogs from Madagascar are endemic to the region. Their natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, dry savannas, wetlands, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, plantations, rural gardens, heavily degraded former forests, and ponds.
Boehmantis microtympanum
Boehmantis is a genus of frogs from The Mantellinae subfamily is monotypic and represented by a single species, Boehmantis microtympanum.
Taxonomy
Boehmantis microtympanum was originally described by Fernand Angel in the genus Mantidactylus. The species was transferred to its own genus, Boehmantis, by Frank Glaw and Miguel Vences.
Distribution and Habitat
This species is endemic to the National Park Midongy du sud and the National Park Andohahela in southeastern Madagascar. Its natural habitats are rivers and streams within subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and degraded forests.
Conservation Status
Boehmantis Microtympanum is currently considered vulnerable by the IUCN due to its limited distribution and the ongoing destruction of its habitat.
Boophis albilabris
The White-lipped Bright-eyed Frog (Boophis albilabris) is a species of frog from the Mantellidae family.
It is endemic to Madagascar.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, intermittent rivers, and heavily degraded former forests.
It is threatened by habitat loss.
Boophis albipunctatus
Boophis albipunctatus is a species of frog from the Mantellidae family. It is endemic to Madagascar.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers. It is
The Boophis andohahela frog is a species threatened by the loss of its habitat.
However, it is not listed as an endangered species.
Boophis andohahela
Boophis andohahela is a frog species from the Mantellidae family.
Endemic to Madagascar, officially known only from the Andohahela National Park and unofficially from the Ranomafana National Park.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and rivers.
It is protected in its currently known areas, but if it exists outside of them, it may be threatened by the loss of its habitat due to agriculture, logging, etc.
Holzkohleherstellung, invasive Eukalyptusbäume, Weidevieh und expandierende menschliche Siedlungen bedrohen die Lebensräume von Boophis andreonei und Boophis andrangoloaka in Madagaskar. Diese Froscharten aus der Familie der Mantellidae sind in subtropischen oder tropischen feuchten Tieflandwäldern und Flüssen beheimatet und sind vom Verlust ihres Lebensraums bedroht.
Boophis anjanaharibeensis ist eine weitere Froschart aus der Familie der Mantellidae, die in Madagaskar endemisch ist. Sie ist offiziell nur aus dem Réserve Spéciale d’Anjanaharibe-Sud bekannt, aber inoffiziell auch aus anderen Gebieten, einschließlich des. Marojejy National Park is well known for its natural habitats, which include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and rivers.
It is threatened by habitat loss due to agriculture, logging, charcoal production, invasive eucalyptus trees, livestock grazing, and expanding human settlements.
Boophis ankaratra
Boophis ankaratra is a frog species from the Mantellidae family, endemic to Madagascar.
Its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, grasslands, rural gardens, and heavily degraded former forests.
It is threatened by habitat loss.
Boophis arcanus
Boophis arcanus is a frog species from the Mantellidae family, endemic to Madagascar. This Art does not show sexual dimorphism.
Boophis axelmeyeri
Boophis axelmeyeri is a species of frog from the Mantellidae family. It is endemic to Madagascar.
It is named after the evolutionary biologist and zoologist Axel Meyer.
Boophis baetkei
Boophis baetkei is a species of frog from the Mantellidae family.
It is endemic to the north of Madagascar and only known from its type locality on the eastern edge of the special reserve Fôret d’Ambre in the Antsiranana Province.
It is a tree species that
Found in a highly disturbed transitional forest (also characterized as relatively dry rainforest).
It is threatened by significant habitat loss occurring in the area of its type locality.
Boophis blommersae
Boophis blommersae is a frog species from the Mantellidae family.
Endemic to the North of Madagascar, it is known from two locations, Montagne d’Ambre and near Tsaratanana.
There is also a newer one from near Bemanevika.
The specific name blommersae honors Rose Marie Antoinette Blommers-Schlösser, a Dutch herpetologist and entomologist.
Description
Adult males measure 24-27 mm in length. Their fingers have some webbing, while their toes are more robust. The dorsal skin is smooth. The dorsal coloration is highly variable: uniformly light brown, brown with a large dark hourglass pattern, or brown with lichen-like yellow or pink spots.
The throat is translucent with a green shading, while the central belly is silvery-white and the sides are translucent.
The iris is light brown to gray, with some reddish-brown color and a greenish-yellow periphery.
The legs have rather indistinct dark crossbands. The tips of the fingers and toes are greenish.
The iris is light brown to gray.
Habitat and Conservation
Boophis blommersae
The Boophis boehmei frog species is endemic to Madagascar and is found in the humid rainforest at an altitude of 379-1,780 meters above sea level.
The tadpoles develop in streams.
It is a very common species, but it only tolerates slight changes in its habitat – it is threatened by the loss of its habitat caused by subsistence agriculture, logging, charcoal production, the spread of eucalyptus, and the expansion of human settlements.
However, it is found in the well-managed Montagne d’Ambre National Park and the Tsaratanana Reserve, as well as in the planned Bemanevika Protected Area.
Boophis boehmei
Boophis boehmei is a frog species from the Mantellidae family. It is endemic to Madagascar.
The natural habitats of Boophis boppa are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Boophis boppa
Boophis boppa is a rare frog species from the Mantellidae family, endemic to Madagascar.
Its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grasslands, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Boophis bottae
Boophis bottae is a frog species endemic to Madagascar from the Mantellidae family.
Distribution and Habitat
The species inhabits the eastern rainforest belt of Madagascar at elevations of 800-1,000 meters. It is threatened by habitat loss.
It is found along forest streams, where it likely breeds, and is located at the edge, but never completely outside, of the rainforest.
Conservation
In the Andasibe-Mantadia National Park, Boophis bottae is found.
B. bottae is locally abundant and is currently classified as Least Concern by the IUCN.
However, populations are suspected to be shrinking due to ongoing habitat destruction from agriculture, deforestation, charcoal production, and various invasive species.
Other species in this genus have shown susceptibility to chytridiomycosis, but. Currently, this does not seem to affect amphibians in Madagascar.
Boophis brachychir
Boophis brachychir is a species of frog from the Mantellidae family.
It is endemic to Madagascar.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, moist savanna, rivers, and heavily degraded former forests.
It is threatened by habitat loss due to agriculture, logging, charcoal production, invasive eucalyptus trees, grazing livestock, fires, and expanding human settlements.
It is often confused with Boophis madagascariensis.
No conservation measures are currently in place.
Boophis calcaratus, also known as the Hellaugenfrosch, is a tree frog species found in Madagascar. It has large knobs on its heels, particularly noticeable in females, distinguishing it from most other Boophis species; among knob-bearing Boophis, it is unique in lacking webbing on its hands.
Boophis doulioti is a frog species belonging to the Mantellidae family. Endemic to Madagascar, its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical dry forests, dry savanna, moist savanna, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, rivers, intermittent rivers, freshwater marshes, and intermittent freshwater marshes.
Tropical moist shrubland, swamps, seasonal freshwater marshes, pastureland, seasonally flooded agricultural areas, as well as canals and ditches.
Madagascar Frog – Boophis elenae
Boophis elenae is a frog species from the Mantellidae family. Endemic to Madagascar, it is only known from the Ranomafana National Park (where it is abundant) and the Farimazava Forest in Antoetra.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, farmland, plantations, rural gardens, and heavily degraded former forests.
It is threatened by the loss natural habitats bedroht, hauptsächlich durch die Auswirkungen von Landwirtschaft, Holzgewinnung, Holzkohleherstellung, invasive Eukalyptusbäume, Weidevieh und expandierende menschliche Siedlungen.
Boophis entingae
Boophis entingae is a rare frog species from the Mantellidae family.
Endemic to Madagascar, its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grasslands, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests.
It is threatened by habitat loss.
Boophis erythrodactylus
Boophis erythrodactylus is a frog species from the Mantellidae family.
Endemic to Madagascar, its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and rivers.
It is threatened by the loss of its natural habitats, primarily due to the impacts of agriculture, logging, charcoal production, invasive eucalyptus trees, livestock grazing, and expanding human settlements.
habitat preferences und ihres Aussehens identifiziert.
Boophis fayi ist eine mittelgroße Art mit grüner Farbe und auffälligen grünen Augen.
Sie sind nachtaktiv und ernähren sich von Insekten.
Bedrohung und Schutz
Lebensraumverlust durch Abholzung und Umwandlung von Wäldern in landwirtschaftliche Flächen bedroht den Lebensraum von Boophis fayi.
Maßnahmen zum Schutz ihres Lebensraums und zur Erhaltung der Artenvielfalt sind dringend erforderlich, um das Überleben dieser gefährdeten Froschart zu sichern.
Wenn Sie mehr über den Schutz von Boophis fayi und anderen bedrohten Arten erfahren möchten, besuchen Sie das Betampona-Reservat in Madagaskar.
Angen identifies, and B. fayi has a more greenish than red iris color and is characterized by green outer irises and turquoise iris peripheries.
Additionally, it has a barely perceptible supratympanic fold in males.
The frog has an intercalary element between the last and penultimate fingers and toes, bridal bands, and males do not have female glands, so it belongs to the genus Boophis.
It is brown in color and has skin flaps on heels and elbows, as well as white tubercles along the cloacal opening, so it can be assigned to the B. goudoti group.
The species has a relatively small SVL (snout vent length) in. Comparison to the rest of the B. goudoti group, this frog stands out for its unique eye color, small white warts in the cloacal region, and a weak supratypanic fold.
It also shows significant genetic differentiation from the rest of the group.
Compared to frogs of similar size, it has a unique iris and no increased dorsal reticulation.
Compared to larger frogs, males have a slightly larger SVL and shorter hind limbs.
Behavior
The frog can also be distinguished by its call, which consists of a series of 1-3 notes lasting 100-370 ms.
The tones pulse, but the
Pulse repetition is fast.
The tone repetition rate is about 3.3/s. It also has another call, which is suspected to be a territorial call due to its similarity to that of B. tampoka. It consists of 1-2 click notes with a duration of up to 200 ms, depending on the number of notes.
The tones do not pulse and the tone repetition is about 6-10/s. These sequences are separated by irregular intervals.
Distribution and Habitat
Boophis fayi can be found in lowland rainforests and wetlands in central eastern and northeastern Madagascar.
Conservation Status
According to the IUCN Red List, the population is vulnerable and declining; threats include, among others. Development, Livestock, Fire, Invasive Species, and Logging.
Their conservation status has not been assessed by any other source.
Boophis feonnyala
Boophis feonnyala is a species of frog from the Mantellidae family.
It is endemic to Madagascar, known only from the Andasibe-Mantadia National Park, but likely has a wider distribution.
It is protected in the national park, but if found elsewhere, it may be threatened by agriculture, logging, charcoal production, invasive eucalyptus trees, livestock grazing, and expanding human settlements.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, freshwater lakes, heavily degraded former forests.
Boophis goudotii (commonly known as Goudot’s bright-eyed frog) is a species of frog from the Mantellidae family, endemic to Madagascar where it is widespread on the central highlands of the island.
Records elsewhere are uncertain, and many of them are misidentifications.
It is the only Malagasy frog known to have vocal females.
Etymology
The specific name Goudotii honors Jules Prosper Goudot, a French collector who worked in Madagascar in the first half of the 19th century.
Description
Male frogs measure 50-70 mm and females typically 75-87 mm, but they can grow up to 100 mm in size.
The coloration is variable, ranging from almost entirely blackish to yellowish with black spots.
The ventral area is yellowish or orange and may have blackish spots.
The iris is copper turquoise at the periphery.
The tympanum is well pronounced. Males have nuptial pads and a subgular vocal sac.
Calls include irregularly emitted groaning sounds that are heard during both day and night, made by both sexes.
Habitat and Conservation
Boophis goudotii is a common species found in rainforests, fields, and.
Found near disturbed riverbanks close to slow-flowing or stagnant waters.
Their altitude range is between 900-2,200 meters above sea level.
They are poor climbers but are sometimes found in trees.
Reproduction occurs in both permanent and temporary bodies of slow-flowing or stagnant water.
As the forest habitat of this species retreats, it tolerates a wide range of habitats.
It is also collected for human consumption, although not in quantities that would pose a threat.
Boophis guibei
Boophis guibei, sometimes known as the warty button-eyed frog, is a species of frog from the
The Mantellidae family includes various frog species endemic to Madagascar. Their natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, and heavily degraded former forests. These frogs are threatened by habitat loss.
Madagascar Frog Boophis haematopus
Boophis haematopus is a frog species belonging to the Mantellidae family. Endemic to Madagascar, it inhabits subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers. This frog is also at risk due to habitat loss.
Boophis haingana
Boophis haingana is a rare frog species from the Mantellidae family. Endemic to Madagascar, it thrives in subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. Like other species in its family, Boophis haingana faces threats from habitat loss.
Subtropical or tropical moist mountain forests, subtropical or tropical highland grasslands, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests.
It is threatened by habitat loss.
Frog from Madagascar Boophis idae
Boophis idae (Ida’s bright-eyed frog) is a species of frog from the Mantellidae family. It is endemic to Madagascar.
Distribution and Habitat
The species is widely distributed in the eastern moist lowland and montane rainforests of Madagascar, from Nosy Boraha to Ivohibe, at elevations of 900-1,100 m.
It also occurs in Swamps, marshes, and a variety of wet habitats are used by humans. It appears to be locally distributed throughout its range.
Nature Conservation
Although currently classified as least concern by the IUCN, it is believed to be impacted by habitat loss due to agriculture, logging, charcoal production, and the spread of invasive species such as eucalyptus trees.
Boophis jaegeri
Boophis jaegeri, also known as the Green Skeleton Frog, is a species of frog in the Mantellidae family. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, plantations, and heavily degraded areas. Former forests. It is threatened by the loss of its habitat.
Boophis laurenti
Boophis laurenti is a species of frog from the Mantellidae family. Endemic to Madagascar, it is only known from the Andringitra National Park. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist mountain forests, subtropical or tropical high shrublands, subtropical or tropical high grasslands, and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss due to fires and grazing.
Boophis liami
Boophis liami is a species of frog from the Mantellidae family.
It is endemic to Madagascar, currently only known from the Vohidrazana Forest and the Andasibe-Mantadia National Park are well-known, but could also be more widespread.
Their natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, and heavily degraded former forests.
They are threatened by habitat loss due to agriculture, logging, charcoal production, invasive eucalyptus trees, grazing, and the expansion of human settlements.
Boophis lichenoides, Boophis lilianae, Boophis luciae
Are rare frog species from the Mantellidae family.
They are all endemic to Madagascar, their natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist mountain forests, subtropical or tropical highland grasslands, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests.
Like all Mantellidae, they are.
Boophis luteus, a frog species from the Mantellidae family, is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, and heavily degraded former forests.
Threatened by habitat loss, Boophis luteus has a snout-vent length of 35-60 mm, with males measuring 35-40 mm and females 51 mm. Their bellies are bluish to greenish, and the skin on their backs is smooth.
Boophis madagascariensis
Boophis madagascariensis is a frog species from the Mantellidae family, endemic to Madagascar.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, and heavily degraded former forests.
It is threatened by habitat loss.
Boophis majori
Boophis majori is a frog species from the Mantellidae family, endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and rivers.
They are threatened by habitat loss.
Boophis mandraka
Boophis mandraka is a frog species from the Mantellidae family, endemic to Madagascar.
endemisch und lebt hauptsächlich im Mandraka-Park, mit möglichen Sichtungen im Andohahela-Nationalpark, Ambatovaky-Reservat, Anjanaharibe-Sud-Reservat und Andasibe-Mantadia-Nationalpark.
Seine natürlichen Lebensräume sind subtropische oder tropische feuchte Bergwälder, Flüsse und stark degradierte ehemalige Wälder.
Die Hauptbedrohungen für Boophis marojezensis sind der Verlust von Lebensraum durch Landwirtschaft, Holzgewinnung, Holzkohleproduktion, invasive Eukalyptusbäume, Weidehaltung von Vieh und die Ausbreitung menschlicher Siedlungen.
Boophis marojezensis
Boophis marojezensis is a frog species from the Mantellidae family.
It is endemic to Madagascar and is primarily found in the Mandraka Park, with possible sightings in the Andohahela National Park, Ambatovaky Reserve, Anjanaharibe-Sud Reserve, and Andasibe-Mantadia National Park.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist mountain forests, rivers, and heavily degraded former forests.
The main threats to Boophis marojezensis include habitat loss due to agriculture, logging, charcoal production, invasive eucalyptus trees, livestock grazing, and the expansion of human settlements.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Madagascar Frog Boophis miadana
Boophis miadana is a rare frog species from the Mantellidae family.
Endemic to Madagascar, its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests.
It is threatened by habitat loss.
Boophis microtympanum
Boophis microtympanum
Boophis microtympanum is a frog species from the Mantellidae family.
Endemic to Madagascar, its natural habitats include…
Endemic to Madagascar, Boophis miniatus is a species of frog belonging to the Mantellidae family. Its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, and heavily degraded former forests. Threatened by habitat loss.
Boophis miniatus
Boophis miniatus is a frog species from the Mantellidae family.
Endemic to Madagascar, its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, and heavily degraded former forests.
Threatened by habitat loss.
Boophis narinsi
A rare frog species from the Mantellidae family.
Endemic to Madagascar, its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, and heavily degraded former forests.
Subtropical or tropical highland grassland, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests are the natural habitats of Boophis obscurus, a rare frog species from the Mantellidae family. Endemic to Madagascar, this species is threatened by habitat loss.
Boophis occidentalis, another frog species from the Mantellidae family, is also found in Madagascar. Its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical highland grassland, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests. Like Boophis obscurus, Boophis occidentalis is also threatened by habitat loss.
[Image: Boophis occidentalis | Ranohira, Madagascar, 2014 | Pagale Bacha …] Boophis opisthodon is a frog species from the Mantellidae family, endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, swamps, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, and heavily degraded former forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Boophis pauliani is another frog species from the Mantellidae family, also endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, and urban areas. Like Boophis opisthodon, it is also at risk due to habitat loss. Swamps, temporary freshwater swamps, farmland, pastureland, and heavily degraded former forest.
It is threatened by the loss of its habitat.
Boophis periegetes
Boophis periegetes is a frog species from the Mantellidae family.
It is endemic to Madagascar, officially known only from the Ranomafana National Park, with unconfirmed records in the Andohahela National Park, Andringitra National Park, and Kalambatritra Reserve.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and rivers.
It is threatened by habitat loss due to agriculture, logging, charcoal production, invasive eucalyptus trees, which. is a frog species from the Mantellidae family, endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers. The IUCN does not consider it to be threatened.
Boophis piperatus
Boophis piperatus is a rare frog species from the Mantellidae family, endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grasslands, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Boophis popi
Boophis popi is a frog species from the Mantellidae family, endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers. It is not considered to be threatened by the IUCN.
B.popi is a nocturnal skeleton frog species endemic to the forests of Madagascar, known for its red sword lilies and prominently raised ridges on its back. It is brown and grey, with slender limbs, a pulsating call, and slightly larger than similar frogs in its genus. This species was described in 2011 and is named after the company “pop-interactive GmbH.”
B.popi is one of many species in the skeleton frog genus and belongs to the group of B. goudoti.
It was described by Jörn Köhler, Frank Glaw, and. Gonçalo M. Rosa, Philip-Sebastian Gehring, Maciej Pabijan, Franco Andreone, and Miguel Vences described two new bright-eyed tree frogs of the genus Boophis from Madagascar in their 2011 article titled “Two new bright-eyed tree frogs of the genus Boophis from Madagascar” and named them after the German company “pop-interactive GmbH” that supported the research and conservation of biodiversity.
Through molecular genetic studies, a close relationship with Boophis fayi and Boophis boehmei was identified.
B. popi has distinct bright red outer iris, beige inner iris (with a brown vessel-like pattern) surrounded by a black ring, with a blue border in the iris periphery.
The frog is brown in color with several black and beige markings. Spots on its body, and the flanks also have brown and yellow spots.
The throat and chest are beige and gray, and the belly is light brown with small brown spots.
The limbs are gray with brown patterns.
Preserved specimens tend to have a lighter color. The throat and chest are smooth, the belly is granular, and the cloaca is surrounded by white warts.
The arms are somewhat slender, the forearms are fringed, and there is a pointed skin appendage at the elbow. The fingers follow a length pattern, with the second finger being significantly shorter than the fourth.
The second finger
The fourth frog species is significantly shorter than the fourth. It has slender hind limbs and a dermal appendage on the heel. It has five toes that follow the length pattern.
Females are larger than males.
Although morphologically similar to other frogs in Boophis, there are some key differences that make B. popi a different species. Visually, B. popi is most similar to B. axelmeyeri, but smaller in size.
Compared to B. rufioculis, B. popi has smaller cloacal tubercles and shorter hind limbs. B. popi also has significantly elevated mesh patterns on the back, while similar frogs do not. classified in the genus Boophis due to the intercalary element between the last two fingers and toes, the nuptial pads, and the absence of female glands in males.
Behavior
- popi is a nocturnal tree frog and is active on vegetation near slow-flowing streams during the rainy season.
- Popi calls consist of two short series of pulsating tones, one with three tones and the other with two tones.
The duration of the notes varies from 18-29 ms and the pauses between notes range from 97-120 ms.
Its pitch is similar to that of B. boehmei and B. quasiboehmei, but is
Boophis popi is found in the mountainous rainforest in central Madagascar, with a population decreasing due to threats such as development, agriculture, mining, deforestation, fires, and invasive species and diseases.
Boophis praedictus, Boophis pyrrhus, Boophis quasiboehmei, Boophis rappiodes, Boophis reticulatus, Boophis rhodoscelis, Boophis roseipalmatus, Boophis rufioculis, Boophis sambirano, Boophis sandrae, Boophis schuboeae, Boophis septentrionalis, Boophis sibilans
These are rare species of frogs, slightly smaller than their larger body size would suggest.
However, the calls of those in the B. goudoti group are very similar and not unique to B. popi in particular.
belong to the family of Mantellidae. They are all endemic to Madagascar, with their natural habitats being subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grasslands, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests. They are threatened by habitat loss.
Boophis spinophis, Boophis tampoka, Boophis tasymena, Boophis tephraeomystax, Boophis tsilomaro, Boophis ulftunni, Boophis viridis, Boophis vittatus, Boophis williamsi are rare frog species from the family Mantellidae. They are all endemic to Madagascar, with their natural habitats being subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grasslands, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests. They are threatened by habitat loss.
Endangered by habitat loss.
Boophis xerophilus
Boophis xerophilus is a frog species endemic to Madagascar from the Mantellidae family, known only from the Kirindy Forest in central western Madagascar and the Réserve Naturelle Privée de Berenty in the far southeast of Madagascar; it may also occur more widely between the two known locations.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, moist savannas, and temporary freshwater marshes.
It is threatened by habitat loss for agriculture, logging, charcoal production, livestock grazing, fires, and expanding human settlements.
Genus Laliostoma
Laliostoma labrosum
Laliostoma is a frog species
Frog genus from the Mantellidae family.
It is monotypic, represented by a single species, Laliostoma labrosum, and endemic to Madagascar.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, dry savanna, moist savanna, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, temporary freshwater marshes, hot deserts, farmland, pastureland, rural gardens, urban areas, ponds, seasonally flooded agricultural land, as well as canals and ditches.
Mantella aurantiaca
The Golden Mantella (Mantella aurantiaca) is a small, endemic ground frog in Madagascar.
The Golden Mantella (Mantella aurantiaca) has an extremely limited distribution in three different areas focusing on the city of Moramanga – in the communities of Beparasy and Ambohibary, in the Torotorofotsy wetland northwest of Andasibe, and in the Ambakoana area.
Mantella aurantiaca is one of Madagascar’s most endangered amphibian species, as it is limited to an area under immense anthropogenic pressure.
It may also be threatened by overcollection for the pet trade.
Description
The Golden Mantella is a uniformly yellow, orange, or red frog with a. Size ranges from 20-26 mm. The inner thigh displays red flash marks. The tympanum is visible but small. The bright colors of the golden mantella are believed to be an example of aposematism, warning predators of the frog’s toxicity.
Ecology and Behavior
The golden mantella’s behavior is strongly seasonal, remaining largely inactive during the winter months of May-October.
When the rain arrives and the temperature warms up, the frogs emerge from their hiding spots and use small milky wetlands for reproduction.
Males often call from Hidden positions near a water source.
The call is a rather pleasant, repeated clicking sound.
The frogs do not seem to engage in typical amplexus, but the male only moves in a virtual amplexus over the female’s back.
The eggs are laid in moist leaf litter near water on land, and when rain arrives, the tadpoles are washed from land into the water.
The golden mantella feeds on small invertebrates. In the wild, this mainly consists of mites, ants, flies, and springtails. The frogs derive their skin toxins from their diet.
These toxins include Pumiliotoxin, Allopumiliotoxin, Homopumiliotoxin alkaloids, pyrrolizidine, indolizidine, and quinolizidine.
Although they are toxic, the snake Thamnosophis lateralis and a skink of the genus Zonosaurus have been observed hunting this species in the Torotorofotsy wetland.
In Captivity
There are plans to start a legally regulated collection program for this species.
The golden mantella is occasionally seen in the pet trade and kept in captivity by collectors of exotic animals and zoological institutions. They are popular for their daily activity, attractive coloring, and relative ease once they have settled in.
Etymology
The species was described by the French herpetologist François Mocquard in 1900 based on a 21.2 mm long male. Individuums beschrieben.
The species was found in forests in the area between Beforana and Moramanga.
The species name comes from the Latin aurantiacus, which means gold.
Mantella baroni
Mantella baroni (often known by the common names Baron’s mantella, the colorful golden frog, or the Madagascar poison frog) is a species of small poison frog from the Mantellidae family.
The species was formally described in 1888 by George Albert Boulenger, who named the species after Richard Baron, an English botanist and missionary in Madagascar, who described the individual. Art collected and studied, composed.
Distribution, Habitat, and Conservation Status
Like other species in Mantellidae, this taxon is also endemic to Madagascar.
It is estimated that this family colonized the island of Madagascar 76-87 million years ago, evolved in the isolation of the island, and adapted in geographical range and number of species on the island.
Mantellidae are phylogenetically related to Asian frogs, likely representing a dispersal event from Asia.
It is one of about 220 species of frogs (including 15 in Mantella) that are endemic to Madagascar.
It has a medium-sized elongated geographical distribution in the eastern part. Central Madagascar, stretching from the east coast into the interior of the country and from north to south, from Fierenana in the south to Andringitra. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, and degraded former forests. It typically prefers to stay at elevations between 600-1200 meters above sea level. Although classified as least concern by the IUCN as of 2016, its population trends are technically unknown due to its relatively wide distribution.
The habitat of this species may be threatened by various sources of habitat loss.
These include anthropogenic impacts such as commercialization and industrialization, logging and deforestation, as well as agriculture.
It is listed in Appendix II of CITES.
Description
Although this species only reaches 28-32 mm in length at maturity, it is one of the largest in the genus of 16 species, surpassed only by a few individuals of Mantella viridis.
Most individuals of this species exhibit specific, unique features that distinguish them from other Mantella species.
However, there is a variety of phenotypes that manifest in colors on the forelimbs, ranging from bright green.
The colors of Mantella frogs range from vibrant oranges and yellows, sometimes confused or introduced to the international market as Mantella cowanii.
Moreover, “the forelimbs and thigh bones are yellow to greenish in color, with this coloration continuing on the flanks to a large, rounded flank spot that reflects the everyday appearance of the species Mantella madagascariensis, known as the painted Mantella.”
These spots “contrast with the black dorsum and the striking orange and black legs” in both species.
Difficulties in acquiring the right species are common for merchants, sellers, herpetologists, breeders, collectors, and pet owners.
The easiest way to distinguish between the two species is to look for the “sky-blue, horseshoe-shaped marking” on the throat of the painted mantella, as well as the absence of “flash marks on the lower hind limbs” on the baron’s mantella. Due to their similar appearance, the baron’s mantella is sometimes informally referred to as the “painted mantella,” although the painted mantella is a distinct species overall.
Bernhard’s mantella (Mantella bernhardi), brown mantella (Mantella betsileo), Cowan’s mantella (Mantella cowanii), yellow mantella or eastern mantella (Mantella crocea), Mantella ebenaui
Are rare frog species.
Mantellidae Family
The Mantellidae family is endemic to Madagascar. Their natural habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grasslands, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests. They are threatened by habitat loss.
Mantella expectata
The blue-legged Mantella (Mantella expectata) is a small frog species from the Mantellidae family. It is endemic to the Isalo National Park and areas south of it in Madagascar, sharing its habitat with the Rainbow Frog (Scaphiophryne gottlebei).
Both species are locally distributed but are endangered due to habitat loss and excessive collection for the pet trade.
Habitat and Behavior
The blue-legged Mantella is diurnal and belongs to the species group of M. betsileo.
Its preferred habitats are sun-exposed areas such as temporary rocky streams and rocky gorges.
Their breeding season is from September to December.
The eggs are either hung on the walls of gorges or placed under rocks. They are then flooded by water and complete their development in temporary pools.
It is a relatively short-lived species with a typical maximum age of 3 years.
Appearance
The so-called “Desert Mantella”, a likely undescribed species, is.
The blue-legged Mantella, related to the golden Mantella, measures 2-3 cm in length and features aposematic colors as a warning of the alkaloid toxins in its skin.
Its head and upper side are yellow, contrasting with blue legs and black flanks and sides of the head.
The underside is black with blue spots. There are individual and location-based variations, with some having darker and grayer legs or, in the far north of their range, a reddish lower back (in contrast to the yellow upper back and head).
Mantella haraldmeieri, Mantella laevigata
Mantella haraldmeieri, Mantella laevigata are rare frog species from the Mantellidae family. They are all endemic to Madagascar, with their natural habitats being subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grasslands, swamps, and heavily degraded former forests. They are threatened by habitat loss.
Mantella madagascariensis
Mantella madagascariensis, commonly known as the Madagascan painted mantella, Madagascan mantella, Madagascan golden frog, Madagascan mantella, and painted mantella, is a species of frog from the Mantellidae family.
Distribution
DistributionThis species is endemic to Madagascar. It is found in eastern-central Madagascar in the highlands from near Niagarakely in the south to Ranomafana at an altitude of 700-1,050 m above sea level. It is threatened by habitat loss and can be threatened by commercial collection.
Habitat
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. Subtropical or tropical humid mountain forests and rivers.
Description
Mantella madagascariensis can reach a body length of 21-22 millimeters in males and 24-25 millimeters in females. These tiny but robust frogs are quite variable in color and pattern, as they are irregularly striped in black and yellow.
They usually have a blackish body, but the back is typically black. A green or yellowish rostral stripe runs along the head.
Thigh bones and upper arm bones are usually yellow to green, while thighs, tarsus, and feet are reddish-orange with blackish spots.
The yellow-green spots extend to the flanks near the forelimbs.
This species is adapted to subtropical or tropical humid mountain forests and rivers. Mantella viridis is closely related to Mantella pulchra and very similar to Mantella baroni.
Madagascar Amphibians – Mantella viridis
The Green Mantella (Mantella viridis) is a species of frog from the Mantellidae family. It is endemic to Madagascar.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, rivers, intermittent rivers, and heavily degraded former forests, like all other species, they are threatened by habitat loss.
Commercial trade of these species requires strict regulation to avoid threatening them.
Description
The green Mantella is A small frog. Males are 22-25 mm, females 25-30 mm in size.
This species is widely spread in the pet trade as a vivarium species.
Some of the frogs have a yellowish color, with a black head and a white band around the upper lip. The underside of the frog is black with blue speckles.
The female species is generally larger and has a more square-shaped snout. They are threatened with extinction due to habitat loss and overcollection for the pet trade.
Habitat
Green Mantellas live in the northernmost part of Madagascar and thrive in dry lowland forests at elevations between 50 and 300 meters above sea level.
Nutrition
Insects, Invertebrates also eat berries. Green Mantella frogs need water like most frogs, but they don’t get it by drinking. Their permeable skin allows them to absorb water.
Mantidactylus albofrenatus
Mantidactylus albofrenatus is a species of frog from the Mantellidae family. It is endemic to eastern Madagascar near An’Ala and Andasibe.
The common name Eastern Madagascar frog has been suggested for it.
Description
DescriptionAdult males measure 19-23 mm (0.7-0.9 in) and adult females 25-27 mm (1.0-1.1 in).
The legs are short. The tympanum The males of Mantidactylus albofrenatus are large, larger than the eye. They have well-developed femoral glands. The toes have rudimentary webbing. The dorsal coloration is brown and forms a distinct dorsolateral color boundary with dark brown flanks.
A distinct light stripe runs from the base of the forelimbs to (almost) the nostril. The throat is dark gray with a distinct pattern of white spots forming a central row. The hind limbs have dark crossbands.
The male mating call is a rapid series of 31-36 short pulsed tones.
Habitat and Conservation
Mantidactylus albofrenatus is a ground frog found in pristine or lightly disturbed rainforests at elevations of 850-900 m. 2,790-2,950 feet above sea level.
It is often found near streams. Calling males have been found near streams during the day. Eggs are believed to be laid on land.
It is a locally common species, but only found in two locations, and its population is believed to be decreasing due to ongoing habitat loss and degradation. It is found in the Special Reserve of Analamazaotra.
Mantidactylus charlotteae
Mantidactylus charlotteae is a species of frog in the Mantellidae family. Endemic to Madagascar, it is found in the eastern part of the country in the coastal rainforest belt between Marojejy in the north and possibly as far as Andohahela in the south.
Description
DescriptionMales measure 22-26 mm (0.87-1.02 in) and females 26-32 mm (1.0-1.3 in). The body is relatively slim. The head is long with a rounded snout. The eardrum is pronounced. The limbs are slender. The fingers are without webbing, while the toes are webbed.
The back is reddish-brown in color and without markings. There are reddish dorso-lateral glandular ridges. The flanks are blackish, with a sharp edge towards the back.
Habitat and Conservation
Its natural habitats are. Untranslated URLs: sind unberührte oder leicht gestörte Regenwälder in einer Höhe von bis zu 600 m (2.000 ft) über dem Meeresspiegel.
Es ist eine terrestrische Art, die oft in der Nähe von Bächen zu finden ist. Sie brütet in Bächen, legt ihre Eier aber an Land ab.
Mantidactylus charlotteae ist eine sehr häufig vorkommende Art, obwohl man vermutet, dass sie aufgrund des Verlusts und der Verschlechterung des Lebensraums abnimmt.
Diese Bedrohungen werden von der Landwirtschaft, der Holzgewinnung, der Holzkohle, der Verbreitung von Eukalyptus, der Weidehaltung von Vieh und der Ausweitung menschlicher Siedlungen verursacht. Sie kommt jedoch in mehreren Schutzgebieten vor.
Mantidactylus
Rewritten content for SEO: are pristine or slightly disturbed rainforests at altitudes of up to 600 m (2,000 ft) above sea level.
It is a terrestrial species often found near streams. It breeds in streams but lays its eggs on land.
Mantidactylus charlotteae is a very common species, although it is suspected to be declining due to habitat loss and degradation.
These threats are caused by agriculture, logging, charcoal production, eucalyptus spread, cattle grazing, and human settlement expansion. However, it is present in several protected areas.
Mantidactylus Mantidactylus tricinctus: A Frog Species from the Mantellidae Family
Mantidactylus tricinctus is a frog species belonging to the Mantellidae family.
Distribution and Habitat
This species is endemic to Madagascar.
It can be found between 450 and 850 meters in elevation at three locations in the east and southeast of the island: An’Ala, Befotaka, and Vondrozo.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, and swamps. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Description
Mantidactylus tricinctus measures 17 to 19 mm in length. Its back is brown with darker spots.
The species is characterized by a yellow spot on its.
Spinomantis aglavei is a species of frog from the endemic subfamily Mantellinae in Madagascar.
Habitat and Ecology
This species is found in subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, and swamps.
It is threatened by habitat loss.
Spinomantis bertini
Spinomantis bertini is a species of frog from the endemic subfamily Mantellinae in Madagascar.
Distribution and Habitat
Distribution and HabitatS. bertini has a relatively wide distribution in southeastern Madagascar, at an altitude of 500-1,300 meters.
Elevation: 1,600-4,300 ft above sea level.
It inhabits crevices between boulders and rocky areas, usually near flowing water, in pristine forest habitats; the species does not occur in degraded forests or secondary growth.
Conservation
The species is classified as “Near Threatened” by the IUCN. It is under pressure from habitat loss due to the expansion of agriculture, timber and coal production, and settlements, as well as the spread of invasive plants such as eucalyptus plants.
Spinomantis brunae
Spinomantis brunae (common name: Bruna’s Stream Frog) is a frog species from the Mantellidae family. It is endemic to Madagascar and known from the Anosy Mountains in southeastern Madagascar.
Description
DescriptionMale Spinomantis brunae measure 32-35 mm (1.3-1.4 in). The females are unknown.
The back is olive green with a network pattern of dark brown spots.
The flanks have white spots. The finger and toe pads bear a pair of white spots. The iris is cream white. The tympanum is well developed.
The body is dorsally granular, with weakly granular flanks and belly. The fingers and toes bear enlarged, triangular discs. Males have a subgular vocal sac.
Spinomantis brunae
Spinomantis brunae is found in pristine forests at elevations of 600-800 m (2,000-2,600 ft) above.
She lives in rock crevices between boulders and rocky areas, usually near flowing water.
Her breeding habitat is unknown, but it could be flowing water; a male was observed calling from a branch half a meter above the ground over a small stream.
This species is locally moderately common. However, the frog is threatened by the loss of its habitat caused by subsistence agriculture, deforestation, and growing human settlements.
It is found in the Andohahela National Park.
Spinomantis elegans
Spinomantis elegans is found at sea level.
Spinomantis elegans is a frog species of the Mantellidae subfamily Mantellinae, endemic to Madagascar.
Distribution and Habitat
Distribution and HabitatS. elegans is only found in the southeastern part of Madagascar, with uncertain records from the north of Madagascar.
It has been documented at elevations of 1,350-2,500 m, inhabiting subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and grasslands, always in association with rocky areas.
They breed in streams.
Conservation
This species appears to be rare, and males have never been collected.
Currently, it is classified as “Near Threatened” by the IUCN.
Its forest habitat is constantly shrinking due to anthropogenic influences.
S. elegans is found in several protected areas.
Spinomantis fimbriatus
Spinomantis fimbriatus is a frog species of the Mantellidae subfamily Mantellinae, endemic to Madagascar.
Taxonomy
TaxonomyThis species was described by Glaw & Vences in 1994 in the genus Mantidactylus, subgenus Spinomantis.
Habitat and Distribution
The species is endemic to Madagascar.
It has been documented from Andasibe in the East of Madagascar, through the North to Masoala, Anjanaharibe and Marojejy in the Northeast of Madagascar.
Its natural habitats are undisturbed subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests at elevations of 500-1,000 m.
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Although S. fimbriatus is currently classified as least concern by the IUCN due to its abundant populations throughout its distribution range, the species is likely under some pressure from the loss of its forest habitat to agriculture, settlements, timber and charcoal production, as well as the spread of invasive plants such as Eucalyptus.
Spinomantis peraccae
Spinomantis peraccae is a frog species from the subfamily Mantellinae. It is endemic to Madagascar and widely distributed in the northern, eastern, and central parts of the island.
The specific epithet honors the Italian herpetologist Mario Giacinto Peracca. The Malagasy frog of Peracca was named after him.
Description
Adult males measure 34-44 mm (1.3-1.7 in) and adult females 39-45 mm (1.5-1.8 in) in snout-vent length. The snout is rounded. The tympanum is pronounced and the supra-tympanic fold is prominent.
The fingers have expanded discs, but no webbing; the toes are webbed, but the discs are smaller than those on the fingers. The dorsum is brownish-green with darker spots.
The dorsal skin is rather warty with dark, protruding spots. The ventral parts are whitish; there are only a few on the neck. 
Dunkle Flecken
Geographic Range
The Dunkle Flecken is endemic to the eastern half of Madagascar.
Habitat
The Dunkle Flecken is found in pristine rainforests along streams at elevations of 500-2,000 m (1,600-6,600 ft) above sea level.
It lives in trees.
Eggs are laid on leaves over water. The tadpole develops in slow-flowing streams.
Conservation Status
The Dunkle Flecken is a locally abundant species but suffers from habitat loss. It is found in many protected areas. Due to its wide distribution and large overall population, it is not considered threatened.
Spinomantis phantasticus
Spinomantis phantasticus is a frog species from the Mantellidae family.
He is endemic to eastern-central and northeastern Madagascar.
Description
DescriptionMale Spinomantis phantasticus measure 36-38 mm (1.4-1.5 in) in snout-vent length.
This is a very striking species with a distinct green-brown dorsal pattern and large spines all over the body.
Both the ventral side and femoral glands are greenish.
The male advertisement call is a series of 4 or 5 “metallic” double-click notes.
Scpinomantis brunae
Scpinomantis brunae are found along streams in pristine forests at elevations of 500-1,200 m (1,600-3,900 ft) above sea level.
Probably nesting in streams, like other species of the genus.
The males call from about 2-4 m above the ground in the vegetation along streams.
This species is locally abundant.
Subsistence agriculture, logging, charcoal production, spread of invasive eucalyptus, livestock grazing, and expanding human settlements, however, pose threats to its habitat.
It is found in the Masoala National Park and Marojejy.
Spinomantis tavaratra
Spinomantis tavaratra is a species of frog from the subfamily Mantellinae. It is endemic to the moist forests of northwestern Madagascar.
Taxonomy
This species was described in 2008 by Cramer, Rabibisoa, and Raxworthy in the genus Spinomantis.
The species called tavaratra is a Malagasy word for “the north” and refers to the origin of this species in northern Madagascar.
Description
DescriptionAdult males measure 30.5-36.0 mm (1.20-1.42 in); females measure 31.6-33.2 mm (1.24-1.31 in).
The species is also characterized by simple dermal spines of less than 1 mm (0.039 in) in length on the posterior edge of the tarsus.
Habitat and Ecology
Its natural habitats are primary forests near streams at an altitude of 650-1,300 m above sea level, in the Marojejy National Park, but also on the Sorata-Massiv.
It is a tree-dwelling species that breeds in streams.
